Sacagawea: Finishing School Rochester Numismatic Association George T. Fekete February 28, 2018 Sacagawea: Finishing School Overview § U.S. Dollar Coin Type Primer ú Major Differentiating Features § Lewis & Clark Expedition Summary § Sacagawea Dollars § Native American Dollars § Sacagawea & Native American Dollars ú Characteristics ú Finishes Sacagawea: Finishing School Sacagawea Precursor Dollars § 1776: Continental Currency § July 6, 1785: U.S. Congress Adopted “Dollar” as Official Monetary Unit § 1794–1795: Flowing Hair § 1795–1804: Draped Bust § 1804: 1804 Dollar (Struck 1834–1835) § 1836–1839: Gobrecht § 1840–1873: Liberty Seated § 1873–1885: Trade (Issued for Circulation in Asia) § 1878–1921: Morgan § 1921–1935: Peace § 1971–1978: Eisenhower § 1979–1999: Susan B. Anthony § 2000–2008: Sacagawea § 2009–Present: Native American Sacagawea: Finishing School Continental Currency (1776) Sacagawea: Finishing School Flowing Hair (1794–1795) Three Leaves Two Leaves Sacagawea: Finishing School Draped Bust (1795–1804) • Small & Large Dates • Narrow & Wide Dates • Small & Large Letters • 2 or 3 Leaves Under Wings • Number & Position of Stars • Number of Lines in Shield Sacagawea: Finishing School 1804 Dollar (1804) “S” Over “S” to Center of Link Left of Link First Reverse Second Reverse Sacagawea: Finishing School Gobrecht (1836–1839) Sacagawea: Finishing School Liberty Seated (1840–1873) No Motto Motto Sacagawea: Finishing School Trade (1873–1885) Sacagawea: Finishing School Morgan (1878–1921) Sacagawea: Finishing School Peace (1921–1935) Sacagawea: Finishing School Eisenhower (1971–1978) Eagle Reverse (1971–1974 & 1977–1978) Sacagawea: Finishing School Eisenhower (1971–1978) Low Relief, Sharp Design, Bold Lettering Delicate Lettering Bicentennial Reverse (1976) Sacagawea: Finishing School Susan B. Anthony (1979–1999) Sacagawea: Finishing School Pro-Dollar Coin Support Sacagawea: Finishing School Lewis & Clark Expedition Sacagawea: Finishing School Sacagawea (2000–2008) Sacagawea: Finishing School Native American (2009–Present) 2017 2018 2009 2016 2010 2015 2011 2014 2013 2012 Sacagawea: Finishing School Lewis & Clark Postage Stamps (1954, 2004) Sacagawea: Finishing School Obverse Subject & Designer § Obverse Design ú Glenna Goodacre ú Selected by National Competition 120 Submissions Design Exemplifies the Spirit of Liberty, Peace and Freedom ú Sacagawea Young Native American Shoshone She Carries Jean Baptiste Charbonneau (Pomp), Her Infant Son, on Her Back Interpreter and Guide to Meriwether Lewis & William Clark on Their Journey to the Pacific Sacagawea: Finishing School Reverse Subjects & Designers § Reverse Design ú 2000–2008: Eagle in Flight Thomas D. Rogers, Sr. (Mint Engraver) ú 2009–Present 2009: Three Sisters, Norm Nemeth 2010, 2012: Great Law of Peace, Trade Routes in the 17th Century, Thomas Cleveland 2011: Wampanoag Treaty, Richard Masters 2013: Treaty with the Delawares, Susan Gamble 2014: Native Hospitality, Chris Costello 2015: Mohawk Ironworkers, Ronald Sanders 2016: Code Talkers, Thomas D. Rogers, Sr. 2017: Sequoyah from Cherokee Nation, Chris Costello 2018: Jim Thorpe, Michael Gaudioso Sacagawea: Finishing School Characteristics § 2000–2008 ú Denomination: One Dollar ú Composition Core: Pure Copper Outer Layer: 77% Cu, 12% Zn, 7% Mn & 4% Ni ú Weight: 8.1 g ú Diameter: 26.5 mm ú Plain Edge ú Distinctive Golden Color ú Issue Bears a Variety of Finishes ú 2000-W 22 Kt Gold Numismatic Specimens, Using a Reverse Prototype Design, Struck in 1999 ú Some Early 2000-P Circulation Strikes Used the Prototype Design Sacagawea: Finishing School Characteristics § 2009–Present ú Same as 2000–2008, Except: Incused Edge Marking ­ Year & Mintmark ­ E PLURIBUS UNUM Sacagawea: Finishing School Finishing Steps § Material ú Experimental Rinse ú Alloy § Strike Core: Pure Copper ú Business Outer Layer: 77% Cu, ú Proof 12% Zn, 7% Mn & 4% Ni ú Single ú Gold ú Multiple 22 Kt Au 92% Au, 3% Ag & 5% Cu § Post-Strike Pre-Strike ú Edge Markings § Die § Distribution ú Original ú Mint Set ú Polished Business Strike ú Pickled Proof ú Special Mint Set (SMS) § Planchet ú Cheerios ú Burnish Sacagawea: Finishing School Finishes § Standard ú Business Strike for Circulation ú Special Mint Set (Satin) Die Pickled in Acid to Produce Frosted Finish Die Polished to Produce Mirrored Field One Strike (Unlike Multiply-Struck Proofs) ú Enhanced Uncirculated Combined a Standard Uncirculated Finish with a Frost Finish Issued in the “Millennium Coin & Currency Sets” <75,000 ú Non-Enhanced Uncirculated Issued in the “Millennium Coin & Currency Sets” <20 ú Proof Sacagawea: Finishing School Finishes § Non-Standard ú Goodacre Unexpected Special Finish Payment Requested by Goodacre for Obverse Design All 5,000 Slabbed by Independent Coin Grading (ICG) to Preserve Provenance; Some Later Submitted to PCGS & NGC for Grading 3,000 Sold for $200 Each at the ANA 2000 World’s Fair of Money ú Experimental Rinse Minimize Spotting & Produce Better Surface Color Adjust Dies, Planchets, Strikes or Finishing Sacagawea: Finishing School Obverse Finishes Clockwise From Upper Left: Business, Satin, Enhanced, Proof, Goodacre & Experimental Rinse Sacagawea: Finishing School Reverse Finishes Clockwise From Upper Left: Business, Satin, Enhanced, Proof, Goodacre & Experimental Rinse Sacagawea: Finishing School Other Key Collectibles § 2000-P: The Cheerios Dollar ú Reverse of 1999 Die Enhanced Tail Feathers ú <5,500 ú Commonly Called “Reverse of 1999” ú Some Consider it a “Pattern” ú PCGS Discovered Normal Reverse Coins in Cheerios Packaging § 2000-P: Mule ú Sacagawea on Reverse/Quarter Dollar on Obverse ú 17 Known (As of February 20, 2018) Sacagawea: Finishing School Reference § A Guide Book of United States Coins (2017) § Website: My Coin Guides ú MYCOINGUIDES.COM SACAGAWEADOLLARGUIDE.COM § Website: Small Dollars ú SMALLDOLLARS.COM/DOLLAR/PAGE28.HTML § Website: USA Coinbook ú USACOINBOOK.COM ú EBAY ALTERNATIVE No Listing Fee 2% Final Value Fee Rochester Numismatic Association Sacagawea Finishing School Presentation Notes February 28, 2018 Continental Currency (1776) [Slide 4] • May have been created to replace the paper dollar. • First silver dollar-sized U.S. coin. • May have been two different obverses from two different mints. • “EG FECIT” on obverse means “EG (probably Elisha Galludet, the designer) made it.” • Link design on reverse was suggested by Benjamin Franklin. • Struck in pewter, brass and silver. Flowing Hair (1794–1795) [Slide 5] • Two varieties: two leaves and three leaves under wings. • Dollar comes from the German thaler. • Until 1804 all silver dollars had the value (HUNDRED CENTS, ONE DOLLaR OR UNIT) stamped on the edge. Draped Bust (1795–1804) [Slide 6] • Small eagle reverse (1795–1798). • Small & large dates. • Small & large letters. • Heraldic eagle reverse (1798–1804). • 1799 over 98, seven & six stars. • Eight & five stars. • Four & five vertical lines in shield. • Other differences (e.g., date fonts, berries & arrows). 1804 Dollar (1804) [Slide 7] • First struck in 1834–1835 for presentation proof sets. • First coin owned by a collector was in 1843. • In 1859 coinage known as “restrikes” and “electrotypes” were minted to supply the needs of collectors. • Extremely rare. Gobrecht (1836–1839) [Slide 8] • Original 1836 issue has four die alignments. • Including “coin” or “medal” turn. • Restrikes produced from the late 1850s–early 1870s. Liberty Seated (1840–1873) [Slide 9] • Starting again in 1840 silver dollars were issued for general circulation. • No motto from1840–1865. • “IN GOD WE TRUST” motto from 1866–1873). Sacagawea Finishing School Presentation Notes.docx 2/28/18 Rochester Numismatic Association Sacagawea Finishing School Presentation Notes February 28, 2018 Trade (1873–1885) [Slide 10] • Issued in asia to compete with dollar coins of other countries. • The law authorizing trade dollars was repealed in February 1887. • Two reverses: • Berry under eagle’s left talon; arrowhead ends over “0”. • No extra berry under eagle’s left talon; arrowhead ends over “2”. • Two obverses: • Ends of scroll point to left; extended hand has three fingers. • Ends of scroll point downward; hand has four fingers. Morgan (1878–1921) [Slide 11] • Silver dollar coinage resumption was authorized by the Bland-Allison Act on February 28, 1878. • Coinage was suspended from 1905–1920. Peace (1921–1925) [Slide 12] • Issued as a commemorative peace coin. Susan B. anthony (1979–1999) [Slide 15] • First time a woman other than a model or mythical figure appeared on a circulating U.S. coin. • No coins minted form 1981–1988; minting resumed in 1999 to meet vending machine demands. • Coin was unpopular because it was often confused with the quarter because of its size, color and edge reeding. Sacagawea (2000–2008) [Slide 18] • Designed to exemplify the spirit of liberty, peace and freedom demonstrated by Sacagawea as an interpreter and guide to Meriwether Lewis and William Clark on their famous journey west. • Sacagawea was a Native american Shoshone; her infant son, Jean Baptiste Charbonneau (Pomp), was carried on her back during the trip. • Since no contemporary image of Sacagawea exists, Goodacre used a 22 year old Shoshone woman named Randy’L He-Dow Teton as a model for the coin. Native american (2009–Present) [Slide 19] • The annually changing reverse is intended to memorialize “the important contributions made by Indian tribes and individual Native americans to the development [and history] of the United States.” • Quote is from the authorizing legislation. Lewis & Clark Postage Stamps (1954, 2004) [Slide 20] • 1954 3¢: Lewis, Clark and Sacagawea landing on a Missouri riverbank commemorating the sesquicentennial of their trip. • 2004 37¢: Lewis & Clark featured to commemorate the bicentennial of their trip. Sacagawea Finishing School Presentation Notes.docx 2/28/18 .