GENERALITAT DE CATALUNYA Joint Crisis: Spanish Constitutional Crisis (2017) Chaired by Hana Kadir Session XXIII Generalitat de Catalunya Joint Crisis: Spanish Constitutional Crisis of 2017 Topic A: Catalan Peoples' Right to Nationhood/Right to Vote for Independence Topic B: A New Catalunya Within the EU Committee Overview Parliamentary Procedure Following the ratification of the This committee will operate under Spanish Constitution in 1978, the standard parliamentary procedure. relationship between the Spanish state and Unmoderated caucuses will be used to allow Catalonia has been complex and oftentimes delegates to develop new ideas. Committee- contentious. Catalonia’s continuous struggle wide action will be taken through directives, for greater political and economic freedom which can be written by any delegate. has been a recurring point of dispute Communication between delegates can be between the two governments. The turning achieved through the use of communiqués. point in this conflict finally occurred in 2017, Throughout the committee, various crises when the government of Catalonia declared will be given to the delegates to address in a referendum on the question of Catalan real-time. Delegates may communicate with independence. The Spanish government’s other committee members, the chair, and the subsequent response to the referendum – joint Spain committee though crisis notes. declaring it illegal and using brute force to Each delegate will be representing a real stop it – was perceived as unnecessarily person who has importance in Catalonia. aggressive and illiberal, further The delegates are expected to do extensive complicating relations between the two research into their assigned person and their governments. The conflict has progressively portfolio powers. Knowing the powers of soured since the referendum in 2017, with your role will be important when the focus now being on the release of jailed conducting actions through crisis notes, as Catalan politicians and the Catalan peoples’ not all powers are available to all delegates. right to nationhood. This committee will Clear and efficient crisis notes are key to investigate these issues and attempt to reach maintaining the excitement of the a conclusion with the government of Spain. committee. While upholding parliamentary procedure is important for the functioning of debate, the committee will have flexibility in this regard. Adjustments will be made based on the crises at hand to keep the debate flowing and relevant. Generalitat de Catalunya 1 Delegate Biographies: Carles Puigdemont Jordi Sànchez Puigdemont joined the Democratic Upon receiving his degree in Political Convergence of Catalonia in 1980, which is Science from the Autonomous University of now known as the Catalan European Barcelona, Sànchez taught as a part-time Democratic Party.1 In 2006, he was elected instructor in Barcelona and at other into the Parliament of Catalonia. He was universities. He was the leader and elected Mayor of Girona in 2011, and in spokesperson of Crida a la Solidaritat from 2016, he became the first President of 1983-1993. He was a board member of the Catalonia who refused to take the oath of Catalan Corporation for Public loyalty to the Spanish constitution and Broadcasting. In 2015, he became the monarch.2 As a politician, Puigdemont was President of the Catalan National Assembly, the leader of JuntsxCatalunya, a pro- taking on a pro-independence stance.4 independence electoral alliance, and the co- founder of the National Call for the Ada Colau Republic, a pro-independence political Colau was born in Barcelona and party in Catalonia. studied philosophy at the University of Barcelona. She was a founder of the Jordi Cuixart Platform for People Affected by Mortgages Cuixart studied mechanics at Institut in 2009. She co-authored Mortgaged Lives Escola Industrial i d’Arts i Oficis in and founded Barcelona en Comú. She Sabadell. In 1996, he joined Òmnium became the mayor of Barcelona in 2015. Cultural, a non-profit cultural organization Colau believes that Barcelona’s future in Catalonia that promotes independence should be bound to the EU. She has stated and self-determination. He became the that she is against Catalonia declaring president of the organization in 2015 and independence and is not a nationalist.5 promoted the widening of the sovereignist social majority and the social mobilization of Catalonia.3 1 Jackson, Patrick. “Carles Puigdemont: The man who wants to 4 “Jordi Sanchez, Pacifist Social Leader, Accused of Violent break up Spain.” BBC, 2018. Rebellion.” WeReport, 2019. 2 “Spain Faces a Constitutional Crisis over Catalonia.” 5 “Ada Calau - Mayor of Barcelona.” Barcelona City Council, Economist, 2017. 2019. 3 “Jordi Cuixart.” Front Line Defenders, 2019. Generalitat de Catalunya 2 Quim Torra Economic Thought” in 2002. Junqueras Born in Blanes, Girona, Catalonia, joined the Republican Left of Catalonia in Torra was educated at St. Ignatius College, 2010.8 He held a seat in the European Barcelona. He studied law at the Parliament from 2009-2012. After his run in Autonomous University of Barcelona. Torra the European Parliament, he was elected as became a member of the Òmnium Cultural a member of the Parliament of Catalonia for and later its vice-president in 2013. He was Barcelona. After an alliance with the Junts also a member of the Assemblea Nacional pel Sí and the Popular Unity Candidacy, he Catalana. He and Jordi Cortada filed a was appointed to Vice President of lawsuit before the European Court of Catalonia. Human Rights against the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia rewritings. Torra Inés Arrimadas associated with the Democratic Union of Arrimadas studied law at the Pablo de Catalonia and later the Reagrupament, but Olavide University and was a student under he is not currently aligned with any political the Erasmus program studying parties.6 international business in Nice, France. In 2010, Arrimadas was invited to a Citizen's Jordi Solé i Ferrando political party event, after which she Jordi Solé i Ferrando was born in became part of the party. She moved her Vallès Oriental, Catalonia, Spain and way up, becoming a spokesperson for graduated from the Autonomous Citizen and later a leader of the party. In a University of Barcelona with an education 2012 regional election, she became a in political science. Solé served in the member of the Parliament of Catalonia and European Parliament for the Republican was the Leader of Opposition starting in Left of Catalonia in 2017, and he was a 2015.9 member of the Greens/European Free Alliance Group. He was previously the Miquel Iceta Secretary of Foreign Affairs and the Iceta was born in 1960 in Barcelona. He European Union in 2016. Solé has stated that originally studied chemistry but switched to nationalism will weaken the future and economics at the Autonomous University of freedoms of Europe and has been critical of Barcelona. He abandoned his studies after pro-unionists arguing against Catalan being expelled from the university. In 1978 independence.7 he joined the Socialist Party of Catalonia. In 1996, he was elected into the Congress of Oriol Junqueras Deputies, after which he became a deputy in Junqueras studied economics at the the Parliament of Catalonia. Iceta is also one University of Barcelona before transferring of the first openly gay politicians in Spain.10 to the Autonomous University of Barcelona to study modern and contemporary history. He received his doctorate in “History of 6 Jones, Sam. “Catalan leader in court over displaying of pro- 9 Silio, Elisa. “Arrimadas joins the mobilization of the concert independence symbols.” The Guardian, 2019. against Celaá.” El Pais, 2019. 7 “Jordi Sole.” European Parliament, 2019. 10 “Yes, there are also gay deputies.” Archivo de Miquel Iceta, 8 “Oriol Junqueras, to Risto: ‘I see myself as president of 2006. Catalonia.’” Cuatro, 2014. Generalitat de Catalunya 3 Xavier Domènech i Sampere Carles Riera Domènech was born in Sabadell, A widower with three children, Riera Catalonia, Spain in 1974. He studied at the became involved in politics as a member Autonomous University of Barcelona and and spokesperson of Call to Solidarity in became a history professor at the university. Defense of Catalan Language, Culture, and He has published many history books about Nation in the 1980s and as a member of the Catalonia and civil society. He was elected People’s Unity Assembly in the 1990s. He into the Congress of Deputies in 2016, in had studied politics and sociology at the which he aligned himself with the Procés Autonomous University of Barcelona and Constituent Catalunya en Comú party. He the Polytechnic University of Catalonia. He has since been a key figure in Catalan left- formed and was the leader of the Popular wing politics. Domènech has also been a Unity Candidacy party in 2015 which won member of populist parties such as seats in the Parliament of Catalonia. As an Podemos and Catalunya en Comú.11 activist, he was a member of the World Social Forum from 2002-2012 and was the Xavier García Albiol president of the Escarré International García Albiol was born to a street Center for Ethnic and National Minorities sweeper and hairdresser and grew up in the from 2010-2015. Since 2013, he has been a outskirts of Badalona, a municipality member of the independentist, socialist, and outside of Barcelona. He studied law at the feminist political party, Endavant.13 Colegio Badalonés but abandoned it for a career in politics. He became the president Raul Romeva of the People’s Party of Badalona in 1990. In Born in March 1971 in Madrid, 2011, he was elected as the Mayor of Romeva received a degree in economics Badalona. The rival party to García Albiol from the Autonomous University of was the Initiative for Catalonia Greens Barcelona and earned his Ph.D. in which had brought charges against him for international relations there as well.