rv I SURVEYOF I IHL AI.,-,LYSIS AND I r' REL~CTION - r- -- v- '-7 w -.- Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized A PARTNERSHIPOF THE EASTTIMOR TRANSITIONAL ADMINISTRATION, THE ASIANDEVELOPMENT BANK, THE WORLDBANK AND THE UNITEDNATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME Public Disclosure Authorized 1 INTRODUCTION THE POVERTYASSESSMENT THESURVEY OF SUCOSIN TIMORLOROSA'E (SSTL) MORE INFORMATION 8 POWERAND WATER 12 THEIMPACT OF THE VIOLENCE OF 1999 13 HUMANITARIAN,RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENTPROGRAMS 14 A Suco DEVELOPMENTINDEX 16 ~MPL~CAT~ONSFOR POLICY OF THE SURVEYOF SUCOS IN TIMORLOROSA'E ANNEX A MEMBERSOF THE PROJECTTEAM ANNEX B THESURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE ANNEX C DATAQUALITY ANNEX D DATACD CHARTS Chart 1 General Economic Characteristics Chart 2 Education Chart 3 Health Chart 4 The Availability of Food Figure 2.1 Total Population Figure 2.2 Average Household Size Figure 2.3 Female:Male Sex Ratio Figure 2.4 Mothers' Access to Care at Delivery Figure 2.5 Potential ema ale-~eaded Households Figure 2.6 Children Aged 6-1 0 Years Attending School Figure 2.7 Number of Houses Reported as Destroyed in 0911999 Figure 2.8 Presence and Seasonality of Irrigation Figure 2.9 Food Shortages - Western Regions Figure 2.1 0 Food Shortages - Eastern Regions Figure 2.1 1 Food Shortages - Atauro, D~liTown and Oecussi Figure 2.1 2 Percent of Livestock (Animal Units) in 2001 cf. Pre-9/99 Figure 2.1 3 Rice Cultivation Figure 2.14 Maize Cultivation Figure 2.1 5 Tuber Cultivation Figure 2.1 6 Coffee Cultivation Figure 2.1 7 Vegetable and Fruit Cultivation Figure 2.1 8 Isolation from Subdistrict Centres Figure 2.1 9 Isolation from District Centres Figure 2.20 Isolation from Dili Figure 2.21 Most Vulnerable Sucos Figure 10.1 Harvest Patterns by Month for the Main Crops of East Timor Figure 11.1 Share of Sucos in East Timor Reporting That Households Normally Do Not Have EnoughFood Figure 11.2 Share of Sucos in Each District Reporting That Households Normally Do Not Have Enough Food Figure 12.1 Indicators by District of the Impact of the Violence of 1999 Figure 14.1 The Components of the Suco Development lndex Figure 14.2 The Suco Development lndex by District Figure 16.1 Harvest Patterns and Food Shortages in East Timor TABLES Table 3.1 A Comparison of the Household Listing and SSTL Table 3.2 Key Population Statistics (for the first half of 2001) Table 3.3 Population by District (for the first half of 2001) Table 3.4 Population by Sub-District (for the first half of 2001) Table 4.1 Main Languages Spoken Table 5.1 Schools Table 5.2 Students Table 5.3 Education Indicators Table 5.4 Schools by Sub-District Table 6.1 Health Facilities Table 6.2 The Operation of Health Facilities Table 6.3 The Normal Availability of Health Care Table 7.1 Wages and Formal Employment Table 7.2 Main Sources of Income Table 7.3 Comparing the Price of Local and lmported Rice Table 7.4 The Price of Local and lmported Rice Table 7.5 The Availability and Prices of Basic Items Table 8.1 The Availability of Power and Water Table 8.2 The Availability of Supply in Electrified Aldeias Table 9.1 The Most Common Means of Transport Table 9.2 Access to Key Facilities Table 9.3 Travel to Key Facilities Using the Most Common Means of Transport Table 9.4 Travel to Key Centres Using the Most Common Means of Transport Table 10.1 The Extent of Farming and Irrigation Table 10.2 Livestock Numbers Table 10.3 The Three Main Crops Table 10.4 The Harvest Pattern of Rice by District Table 10.5 The Harvest Pattern of Maize by District Table 10.6 The Harvest Pattern of Coffee by District Table 10.7 The Harvest Pattern of Cassava by District Table 10.8 The Harvest Pattern of Sweet Potato by District Table 10.9 The Harvest Pattern of Vegetables by District Table 10.10 The Harvest Pattern of Fruit by District Table 11.1 The Normal Availability of Food by District Table 12.1 lndicators of the Impact of the Violence of 1999 Table 13.1 The Operation of Selected Assistance Programs Table 14.1 The Suco Development Index by Group Table 14.2 The 50 Most Poorly Developed Sucos Table 14.3 The 50 Most Developed Sucos Table 15.1 Basic Characteristics of East Tirnor's Sucos Table 15.2 Selected Development lndicators for Most People in a Suco I Basic Facts o The survey reported a total of 498 sucos and 2,336 aldeias in East Timor. o The population is estimated as approximately 790,000 in the first half of 2001 2 Language o Together Mambae and Tetun are the main languages in more than 40 per cent of sucos (23 and 20 per cent respectively). n Indonesian is the main language in only 5 sucos, while there is no suco in which the main language spoken is Portuguese or English. a There are another 22 main languages. Education 80 per cent of sucos report that all or almost all children aged from 6 to 10 are at school. Approximately 240,000 children attend school. Girls account for 48 per cent of students. There are more than 900 schools operating, 70 per cent of which are primary. Almost 80 per cent of schools are operated by the government, with most of the remainder operated by churches. The number of usable classrooms is now only 14 per cent below the pre-violence level. On average there are 48 students per classroom. On average there are 52 students per teacher. One in 4 schools has a student to teacher ratio of more than 66 One in 10 schools have a student to teacher ratio of more than 85. 4 Health o There are more than 200 operating health facilities. o This includes more than 100 community health centers (without beds) and more than 50 health posts. o Around 50 per cent of health facilities are run by the government and 40 per cent are run by NGOs. o There are only 335 midwives operating compared to more than 1,500 traditional birth attendants. On average those health facilities without beds are open around 7 hours per day. o 1 in 10 community health centers without beds are open 5 days per month. 5 Powerand Water o 20 per cent of aldeias are now electrified. o Almost 30 per cent of aldeias were electrified before the violence. o For those aldeias with electricity, on average it is available for 13 hours per day, 6 days per week. o Pipes to a house are the main source of drinking water in only 7 per cent of aldeias. o Pipes to a public place and public pumps are the main source of drinking water in another 34 per cent of aldeias. o There is little change in the source of drinking water from before the violence. 6 Access o Most people travel to schools and to health facilities on foot. o On average, it takes most people more than 20 minutes to reach a vehicle passable road, and more than 30 minutes to reach a paved road. o On average, it takes most people 70 minutes to reach a health post or community health center. o On average it costs most people R20,000 to reach a hospital. 7 Agriculture o Agriculture is the main source of income in 94 per cent of sucos, o 97 per cent of sucos have farms. o 57 per cent of sucos have some irrigation. o The main crops are mainly used for self-consumption/subsistence. o Less than 20 per cent of sucos sell most of their rice or maize harvest. 8 Food Shortages There are reported to be widespread food shortages in East Timor every year. o Almost -80 per cent of sucos reported they normally do not have enough food in January. o The share of sucos reporting they normally do not have enough food is also very high in November, December and February (more than 40 per cent). o Food availability is generally much better from March to October. o The food shortages appear to be linked to the harvest cycle. Destroyed houses Families Still Now liveable -. Main language spoken Main Source of Income Other :.'. .- , .. , , , , ,,, Farming Fishing ., ., ,. .. - . Other Tetun Share of Households Without Enough Food in the Month of ... Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Share of Aldeias with Electricity Av. Number of Livestock per Suco 40 1 600 Before Sep 99 Before Sep 99 Now Buffaloes Cattle Horses Goats Pigs Share of schools run by ... Primary school enrolment Church Olhe 19% 21% All or almosl all children at school 79% Share of schools operating. .. Gender share of school students One Shirt 71% h Than One Shift 2% Av, number of students per classroom Av. studentlteacher ratio Total State Church Private Number of Classrooms Fee per Child (Rupiahhlonth) Before Sep 99 Now State Church Private Share of health facilities run by ... Number of health facilities Community Heallh pals Mobile clinics Hospital centre Share of health facilities charging fees by type " 1 65 State NGO Churches Privale Ava.ilability of birth attendants - .v# * .: ;,v7- . - -.*or.-- . , .' . "a*.. ;.... .. * ,, .. - *I . - ,'> "-<r-- ; ROVERTY~~ASSESSMEN;., . .: Ldq: 8- , . .,. ..F - -.= .L-C.-. , ., ..(.I -;y,... - . - . PAGE'S ' J ., . 7, ,- . "'. , - -. 8 r" . I . .. ' *..,<+- . ..- -... ._ "r- Number of months per year a Q) 03 Aileu Ainaro Baucau Bobonaro . -. .. Cova F- - Dili Ermera Liquica Lautem Manufahi Manatuto Oecussi Viqueque The East Tirnor Transitional Administration (ETTA), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) are currently conducting a joint Poverty Assessment.