Lectures on Ian

Lectures on Ian

LECTURES ON IAN: HIS PLACE IN CREATION, AND IN THE HISTORY OF THE EARTH. BY J Dr. carl V_g_GT, yltf^ PllOFESSOR OF NATURAL HISTOEY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA, FOREIGN ASSOCIATE OF THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF PARIS, AND HONORARY FELLOW OF THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. ^J^P'^J^ EDITED BY JAMES HUNT, ^ '^ PH.D., F.S.A., F.R.S.L., F.A.S.L., ' FOREIGN ASSOCIATE OF THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF PARIS, HONORARY FELLOW OF THE ETHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE UPPER HESSE SOCIETY FOR NATURAL AND MEDICAL SCIENCE, PRESIDENT OF THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. LONDON: PUBLISHED FOR THE ANTHKOPOLOGICAL SOCIETY, BY LONGMAN, GREEN, LONGMAN, AND ROBERTS, PATERNOSTER ROW. 1864. Aa^ 34S5'i6 TO Dr. PAUL BROCA, SECEETAIRE GENERAL DE LA SOCIETE D'ANTHROPOLOGIE DE PARIS, HONORARY FELLOW OF THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, PKOFESSEUR AGREGE A LA FACULTE DE MEDECINE DE PARIS, CHIRUEGIEN A l'h6pITAL SALPETRIERE, VICE PRESIDENT DE LA SOCIETE DE CHIEURGIE DE PARIS, AND HONORARY FELLOW OF THE ETHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. My dear Dr. Broca, Your kind permission to dedicate the following translation to you, affords me the opportunity which I have long desired of expressing my sense of the honour and at which your personal friendship confers upon me ; the same time enables me to testify my appreciation of, and admiration for, the incalculable services which your zeal and ability have rendered to the noblest of all sci- ences, the science of Man—Anthropology. To those unacquainted with your labours* for this young science in France, and their triumphant results, bearing * The following list of Professor Broca's scientific works, especially although on the science of Man, will give some little idea of his industry, they constitute but a small part of what that accompUshed Anthropologist has published during the last few years :— Becherches sur V Ethnologic de la France, dans "Mem. de la Soc. d'Anthrop.," Tire a part, brochure de 56 pages t. 1, p. 1, a 56, Paris, 1860, gr. in 8vo. Especes Ani- avec une carte. Memoire sur I'Hybridite et sur la Distinction des males, "Journ.de Physiol.," 1858, t. i, p. 432-471, p. 684-729; 1859, t. ii, relati/s aux Croisements des Chiens, p. 218-250, et p. 345-390. Resume des faits de Loups, de Chacals, et de Benards, " Jom-n. de Physiol.," 1859, t. ii, p. I'Heredite des 390-396. Sur les principaux Hybrides du genre Equus, sur " Physiol.," Caracteres chez les metis et sur la Fecondite des Mules, Journ. de d'Hybriditd dans le genre 1859, t. ii, p. 250-258. Memoire sur les Phenomenes 392-439, hum'ain, " Journ. de Physiol.," 1859, t. ii, p. 601-625, et 1860, t. iii, p. de la Soc, Sur V Influence durable de certains Croisements de Baces, "BuU. d'un Negre, ibid., d'Anthrop.," 1859, t, i, p. 19-26. Sur les caps^des surrenaUs contemporaines de I'ipoque dite du Bilu- t. i, p. 30. Sur les Baces primitives, VI DEDICATION, a recapitulation of them here would sound more like a panegyric, than the simple recital of what one man has accomplished. I am therefore glad that the majority of those who will peruse this volume are already ac- quainted with what you have done for the establishment of Anthropology in your own country, and will join with me in a public recognition of your valuable services to science generally, and also in paying homage to the noble example you have set to lovers of truth, and students of mankind throughout the world. Some seven years since, when I first had the honour vium, ibid., t. i, p. 70-76, p. 87-92. Instructions pour le Senegal, ibid., t. i, p. 121-137. Tire a part, broch. in-Svo de 16 p. Remarques sur les Langues Polyne'siennes, ibid., 1860, t. i, p. 250-255. Documents relatifs aux Croisements des Races tres differentes, ibid, t. i, p. 255-264. Sur le Defaut de perfectibilite de certaines Races, ibid., t. i, p. 337-342, p. 368-376. Sur le volume et la forme du Cerveau, suivant les individus et suivant les Races, ibid.,1861, t. ii, p. 139- 204, et 301-321. Tire h, part, brochure in-8vo de 75 pages. Sur les Poids relatif du Cerveau des Franqais et des Allemands, ibid., p. 441-446. Rapport sur lesfouilles Pratique'es dans I'ancien Cimitiere des Celestins, Publie par la VUle de Paris : Paris, 1850, iii-4to, 19 pages. Sur des Cranes provenant d'un Cimi- tiere de la Cite, anterieur au xiiie siecle, " Bull, de la Soc. d'Anthrop.," 1861, t. ii, p. 501-513. Sur la Capacite des Cr&nes Parisiens des diverses dpoques, ibid., 1862, t. ui, p. 102-116. Ces deux memoires ont ete tires a part, bro- chure in-8vo de 32 pages. Memoire sur le Crdniographe et sur quelques-unes de ses Applications, dans " Mem. de la Soc. d'Anthrop.," t. i, p. 349-378. Tire h part, brochure gr. in-8vo, de 30 pages, avec 1 pi. Sur la Ddtermination des Points singuliers de la VoUte du Crane qui limitent les angles auriculaires, " BuU. de Soc. d'Anthrop.," 1862, t. iii, p. 17-24. Sur les Proportions Rela- tives du Bras, de I'avant-hras et de la Clavicule chez les Negres et les Euro- peans, ibid., t. iii, p. 162-172. Tire a part, brochure in-8vo de 12 pages. La " Linguistique et I'Anthropologie, Bull, de la Soc. d'Anthrop.," 1862, t. ui, p. 264-319. Tii-e a part, brochure in-8vo de 55 pages. Sur les Projections de la Tite et sur un nouveau Procede de Cephalometrie, " BuU. de la Soc. d'An- thi-op.," t. iii, Novembre 1862. Tire a part, brochure in-8vo de 30 pages. " Sur les Caracteres du Crane des Basques, Bull, de la Soc. d'Anthrop.," t. iii, Decembre 1862. Tire a part, brochujre in-8vo de 15 pages. Second Me- moire sur les Caracteres du Crane des Basques, " Bull, de la Soc. d'Anthrop.," Fevrier 1863, t. iv. Instructions— Generales pour les Recherches Anthropologiques (Anatomic et Physiologie). "Mem. de la Soc. d'Anthrop.," Par., vol. ii, in the press. DEDICATION. Vll of being introduced to you, by our late lamented col- league, Dr. Robert Knox, I held, as you may remember, the office of Honorary Secretary to the Ethnological Society of London, Most heartily did I welcome the birth of your society, on behalf of that of which I was then an officer, believing at that time, the Societe d'An- tliTojwlogie de Paris to be merely an Ethnological So- ciety under another name. In watching the develop- ment of your Society and tracing the vastness of its extent and objects, under the administration of yourself and your illustrious colleagues, I soon perceived that pure Ethnology merely formed a part of the grand science then inaugurated by you. With the most intense plea- sure and admiration, I witnessed the gradual establish- ment and progress of your Society, endeavouring at the same time with all my power to incite the Ethnological Society to similar efforts. This attempt, however (truth compels me to record), proved a signal failure—a circum- stance which caused me disappointment at the moment, but which I now consider fortunate ; for I soon became aware that Anthropology and Ethnology could never be- come synonymous terms, inasmuch as the latter merely constitutes a part of the comprehensive science of An- thropology. I am glad to state that, at the present time, this profound distinction is fully admitted by unbiassed persons in England. My failure, however, in arousing the Ethnological Society from its torpor, was not attri- butable to this confusion of terms, the matter not having then received public attention in this country, but arose entirely from the opposite views held by myself and my colleagues as to the objects of the Ethnological Society, and its duties as a scientific body. VIU DEDICATION. The stand-point claimed for the science of Ethnology by the late Dr. Knox, by Captain R. F. Burton, the present senior Vice-President of the London Anthropo- logical Society, by myself, and by some others, was that of a grave, erudite, and purely scientific study, requiring the most free and serious discussion, especially on anat- omical and physiological topics, for the elucidation of the many difficult problems arising out of the subjects brought forward. This, however, was far from being the opinion of a large and powerful section of the Society, headed by my venerable friend, Mr. John Crawfurd. The party under his leadership desired to place the Ethnological Society on a footing with the Royal Geogra- phical Society, and to render its meetings fashionable and popular by the admission of ladies. You will, doubt- less, smile at the strange idea of admitting females to a discussion of all Ethnological subjects. However, the supporters of the " fair sex" won the day, and females have been regularly admitted to the meetings of the Ethnological Society during the past three years. Even now the advocates of this measure do not admit their error, nor do they perceive how they are practi- cally hindering the promotion of those scientific objects which they continue to claim for their society. On the contrary, they rejoice at their victory, and Mr. Crawfurd has publicly on more than one occasion ascribed the suc- cess which attended the Ethnological Society under his regime to the admission of ladies. Apart from this fatal mistake,you will readily understand that other important, and indeed vital diff"erences, existed as to the mode in which such a society should be conducted.

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