APPENDIX B: WHO’S WHO OF THESIS Surname Forename Role WOSBs CDC CRUs Birth Death Adam x x 1885 1982 Sir Ronald Army Officer instrumental to the creation of new WOSBs. Appointed to deputy chief of the Imperial General Staff (DCIGS) in December 1938 following the “purges” of Leslie Hore-Belisha (Sec. of State for War). Instituted a number of reforms, such as merging the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. After a while spent leading BEF corps, Adam helped to organise the Dunkirk birdgehead and embarkation of the BEF. Back in Britain in June 1940, Adam was appointed General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Northern Command, where he displayed an unusual degree of concern for his men’s psychological welfare: he was known as one of the “red colonels” because of his interest in welfare. In May 1941 he was appointed Adjuntant-General in charge of personnel matters in the army. He led a range of new programmes, including the WOSBs and the Army Bureau of Current Affairs (ABCA). He was promoted to full General in 1942. At the end of the war, Adam was also closely concerned with the demobilisation of the army and the establishment of CRUs. Churchill and General Sir Bernard Paget (Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces) were conservatives who very must distrusted Adam’s sometimes radical programmes, but Adam had the backing of Sir James Grigg (Secretary of State for War after Hore-Belisha’s resignation) and General Sir Alan Brooke (Commander-in-Chief of General Staff from December 1941, who lunched with Adam every week when they were both in London). Served as chairman of the NIIP 1947-53, member of the Council of the Tavistock Clinic from 1946-52, and member of the Miners’ Welfare x x x Commission 1946-52. He was chairman of the executive board of UNESCO from 1950-4. 1897 1979 Bion Wilfred A Tavistock Clinic member before the war, Bion was one of the Command Psychiatrists (for Western Ruprecht Command) that Rees appointed in 1940. He had been a highly decorated Tank Commander during the First World War, and got on well with soldiers (if not authority figures). He then worked as the psychiatrist at the first WOSB, and is credited with inventing leaderless group test, for which he developed the theoretical principles. When the group from No. 1 WOSB went to the CDC, Bion became rapidly frustrated at the work and left to work at Northfield Military Hospital. He was later removed from this work by Rees (various reasons given, some say Bion upset other psychiatrists, others say there was a financial scandal that he could not be trusted to let pass without fuss). After this Bion went abroad with 21 Army group but returned promptly due to the death of his wife. He conducted work with POWs at No. 21 WOSB, but responsibility for POWs return was later put in the hands of Tommy Wilson. Bion was one of the TIHR founders. 204 APPENDIX B: WHO’S WHO OF THESIS Surname Forename Role WOSBs CDC CRUs Birth Death x x 1907 1990 Bowlby John Psychiatrist at the Maudsley Hospital and on staff of London Child Guidance Clinic 1936-40. Joined the RAMC in 1940 and worked at EMS Fazakerly, Liverpool, where he and fellow psychiatrist Kenneth Soddy had a disagreement with the neurologist director and left after conflict with the Army’s Consultant Neurologist. Bowlby then became Command Psychiatrist for Southern Command, where he conducted investigations in selection at 103 OCTU in summer 1941 (at the same time that x x Rodger and Wittkower were conducting tests in Scottish Command). He later worked at the CDC. 1910 2005 Bridger Harold Bridger was a maths teacher before the war. When the war began, he joined the Artillery and became a Major. He worked with Bion on WOSBs, then later took over from Bion at Northfield Military Hospital. After this, he was the Chief Vocational Officer for the CRUs. After the war, he joined the x x Tavistock and trained as an analyst. He was a founder member of the TIHR. MTO at WOSBs. Trist thought he had special gifts as a policy planner, and asked for him to work at Braund Dick x the CRUs. 1883 1963 Francis Brooke Sir Alan Brooke was an influential Army Officer. He was an instructor at Camberley with Ronald Adam 1923-6, then Lieutenant-General in command of anti-aircraft command from 1938 until shortly before the breakout of war. Brooke was Commander-in-Chief, Southern Command from August 1939, and nominated to command a corps of the BEF. He ended up in the same rowboat as Adam leaving Dunkirk, and shared a ship cabin home with him. In December 1941, Brooke became Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS), and soon after he also became chairman of the chiefs of staff committee, and effectively principle strategic adviser to the war cabinet as well as professional head x of the army. 1899 1984 Buchanan Alick Before the war, Buchanan Smith worked in genetics research at Aberdeen and lectured in genetics Smith Drummond at Edinburgh University. His father was active in United Free Church of Scotland. He was the Commanding Officer of a Territorial Army battalion, and missed capture in 1940 because he was in hospital. Buchanan Smith then served as the Commanding Officer of the Scottish Command Company Commanders’ School, where he facilitated and encouraged WOSBs research. He became Director of the Selection of Personnel. 205 APPENDIX B: WHO’S WHO OF THESIS Surname Forename Role WOSBs CDC CRUs Birth Death Francis x 1886 1973 Crew Crew provided a laboratory at the Animal Genetics Institute, Edinburgh University (where he Albert Eley was Chair of Animal Genetics) for the experimental first WOSB. Crew had brought such left-wing scientists such as J.B.S. Haldane, Lancelot Hogben, & Julian Huxley to visit this Institute. He was Assistant Director of medical services for the Edinburgh area, 1939-1945, and Director of Medical Research at the War Office, 1942-1946. Toward the end of the war, he became Professor of Public Health and Social Medicine at the University of Edinburgh from 1944-1955. 1957-58, and was then x x WHO Visiting Professor of Social and Preventative Medicine at the University of Rangoon. x x x 1890 1948 Dawson Ian MTO at WOSBs. Trist thought that he was a natural clinician and asked for him to work at the CRUs. Delahaye James Viner Delahaye was the former CIB President chosen to be President of first WOSB. He later moved with the other staff to the CDC in Wall Hall. He had stood as Labour Candidate for Exeter, Dulwich and Buckingham in the inter-war period but failed to win. He was then commander of 122 OCTU, R.A. At Larkhill from 1939-1941. Worked on resettlement for The United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) from 1944, and then was regional representative of the British Council x from 1945 until his death in 1948. x 1908 1962 Gray W.N. (RM) MTO at first WOSB, who had been interviewed during CCS experiments. Hargreaves Ronald With the Tavistock Clinic from 1938. Hargreaves was involved in early selection experiments, and is credited with developing the General Service Scheme. He was Command Psychiatrist at Northern Command when Sir Ronald Adam was there, and is linked with stimulating Adam’s interest in selection & “selling” the Matrix test. Hargreaves attended very early meetings with Adam, Thorne, Rodger & Sutherland in Edinburgh to discuss officer selection. He made several trips to the US and Canada to discuss Army psychiatry and selection. After the war, he was awarded an OBE and worked for Unilever for a short while before he joined the WHO as the chief of the Mental Health Section at Elliott x the behest of Brock Chisholm. 1917 2003 Jaques Jaques was a Canadian serving as a Research Psychiatrist (rank of Major) in the Canadian Army Medical Corps. He was liaison to the WOSBs. After the war, Jaques was one of the founder members of the TIHR, doing work for Glacier Metals before going on to Brunel University. He later did selection work with the US Army and is credited with inventing the term “mid-life crisis.” 206 APPENDIX B: WHO’S WHO OF THESIS Surname Forename Role WOSBs CDC CRUs Birth Death x 1911 1990 Forrest Main Thomas Tom Main was at Gateshead Mental Hospital before the war. When the war began, he had a year’s analysis with Susan Isaacs. He worked with Tommy Wilson in Western Command in 1941, where they both investigated how misfits and training problems were linked with men going AWOL. He fell out with Field Marshal Montgomery whilst working in North Africa. Main primarily worked on matters of morale, and was psychiatric adviser to the 21st Army Group, planning for psychiatric services for the Normandy invasion. He then went on to work at Northfield Military Hospital after Bion and Rickman had left. After the war he went to work at the Cassel Hospital for Functional x x x Nervous Disorders. 1917 2008 Menzies Isabel Menzies worked with Trist at No. 1 WOSB during University holidays (she was a lecturer in (Lyth) economics at St Andrews). She then did some statistical work on the WOSBs validation for the CDC, before joining the staff working at the CRU headquarters. After the war, she joined the TIHR and Alexander x became an analyst. 1912 2007 Mitchell Mitchell was a Sergeant-tester at first WOSB. He had distinguished himself in Other Rank selection work and other special investigations.