Operating System Administration Recycle Bin Location • Open Explorer. • In the location bar enter C:\$Recycle.Bin and press Enter. • Click Organize. • Select Folder and Search Options. • Select the View tab. • Select Show hidden files, folders, and drives. • Untick Hide protected operating system files. • Click OK. Control Panel • Most common configuration utility • Allows customisation of environment • Experiment with settings (not in college!) • Default Category View • Classic View (Before Win 7) • Small / Large Icons (Win 7 onwards) • CompTIA – “Given a scenario, use Control Panel utilities (the items are organised by ‘classic view/large icons’ in Windows).” – use classic. Control Panel – Selected Applets • Add a Device – Add and configure new hardware • Programs and features – Changes, adds, or deletes software • Administrative Tools – Perform administrative tasks on the PC • Date and Time – Sets the system time and config options like Time Zone • Display – Configures screensavers, colours, display options and monitor drivers • Folder Options – Configure the look and feel of how folders are displayed • Fonts – Add and remove fonts • Internet Options – Sets internet connectivity options • Hardware and Sound – Configure audio and video options • Network and Internet; Network and Sharing Center – Options for connections to other computers • Phone and Modem – Options for using phone lines to dial out to the Internet • Power Options – Configure differing power schemes • Devices and Printers – Configures printer settings and print defaults • System – View and configure system elements Applets • List at https://www.lifewire.com/command-line-commands-for- control-panel-applets-2626060 • Time and Date • TIMEDATE.CPL • Regional and Language Options • INTL.CPL • Internet Options • INET.CPL • Folder Options • Control Folders System Properties Applet • Large number of important settings • SYSDM.CPL • Different versions – Different Options! • Computer Name Tab • Workgroup (loose associations) • Ideal for 10 or less workstations • Domain (tight associations managed by Domain Controller) • Hardware Tab • Device Manager • Device Installation Settings • Always check manufacturers website for latest drivers • Drivers should be signed • https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/install/windows- driver-signing-tutorial System Properties Applet • Advanced • Performance – important settings for configuration • Virtual memory • Processor time allocation • Visual Effects • Normally optimised so leave well alone • User Profiles • All users have a profile – Settings and preferences • Can copy or delete • Change Types • Start Up and Recovery • What to do during system start up and unexpected shutdowns • Boot manager options (Always allow a pause!) • Failure options to log and what to log • Environment Variables • User Variables – only affecting individual users • System Variables – For all users using the system • Once were very important in early versions of DOS and Windows System Properties Applet - cont. • System Protection • System Restore Options (mentioned last week) • Remote • Enable/Disable Remote Assistance (Enabled by default) • Remote Desktop Connection tool (helps administration by remote admins) • To let a remote person control the PC (Mouse and Keyboard) tick option under advanced Other Applets • Display/Display Settings Applet • Win10 in Settings, not control panel • User Accounts Applet • Allows you to change account details including pictures • UAC (User Account Control) settings Action Center Applet • Security and Maintenance • Called Security Center in versions before Win10 • WSCUI.CPL • Firewall (not 7 and 8) • Automatic Updates • Virus Protection • Internet Options (not 7 and 8) • Windows 7 and 8 – Performance and trouble shooting added Applets • Windows Firewall • FIREWALL.CPL • Manage the firewall from the applet • Power Options • POWERCFG.CPL • Manage the power settings for the system Applets • Credential Manager • Manage stored credentials for applications (IE and Edge etc) • Encrypted database • Programs and Features • Appwiz.cpl • View and uninstall desktop applications • Can also see installed updates • HomeGroup • Introduced in Win7 • Allowed sharing of files and printers • Password required to join • Removed since Win10 (1803) update More Applets • Sound • mmsys.cpl • Troubleshooting • Network ad Sharing Center • Device Manager • hdwwiz.cpl • Introduced in Win95 and little changed sinced! • BitLocker • Drive encryption • Low-level • Fulldisk • Sync Center • Keeps mobile devices and PCs content up to date Command Prompt • Is now a Windows Program • Used to be other way round! • CMD • Standard and Admin modes • Networking and Operating System Commands • For CompTIA • TASKKILL, BOOTREC, SHUTDOWN, TASKLIST, MD, RD, CD, DEL, FORMAT, COPY, XCOPY, ROBOCOPY, DISKPART, SFC, CHKDSK, GPUPDATE, GPRESULT, DIR, EXIT, HELP, EXPAND, / , ? • https://www.lifewire.com/list-of-command-prompt-commands-4092302 • <command> /? – gives help on all commands Exercise • Start Word • Start a COMMAND prompt • Use TASKLIST to find the PID of Word • Use TASKKILL to kill Word using the PID • Hint use KILLTASK /? to see options • Start Excel • Use TASKKILL to kill Excel using the Image Name CD (chdir) / MD (mkdir) / RD (rmdir) • From a command prompt read and understand: help cd ( or cd /? ) help md ( or md /? ) help rd ( or rd /? ) • Exercise 1. Open a command Prompt 2. Change Directory to your documents folder 3. Make a directory called test 4. Change to the test directory 5. Make a directory called test1 6. Change to the test1 directory 7. Make a directory called test2 8. Change back to the documents directory 9. Remove the directory test directory 10. Remove the directory test directory using /s 11. Repeat steps 3 to 8 12. Remove the directory test directory using /q More Commands • DEL • Deletes files and directories. • Wildcards • Same as ERASE • FORMAT • Wipes data from a disk • FORMAT [volume] [switches] • /FS:[filesystem] – FAT, FAT32 or NTFS • /V:[label] – Specifies the volume label • /Q – Quick Format Copying Files and Directories • Copy • COPY [filename] [destination] • /A – ASCII text file • /V – verifies the copy • /Y – supresses the are you sure overwrite prompt • Not for directory copying • XCOPY • Copies folders and files • XCOPY [source] [destination] [switches] • /A – only files with archive attribute • /E – include empty directories • /F – display full filenames when copying • /G – copy encrypted file to destination that doesn’t support encryption • /H – copy hidden and system files • /K – Copies attributes (XCOPY will reset Read-Only by default) • /O – Copies ownership and ACL info (important as NTFS default in inheritance from parent) • /R – Overwrites read-only files • /S – Copy directories and Subdirectories (not empty ones) • /U – Copies only files that already exist in the destination • /V – Verifies the size of each new file ROBOCOPY • Robust File Copy • Very useful for NTFS • For example the /mir switch mirrors a complete directory tree • See https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee851678.aspx Quick Commands • DISKPART (requires admin privileges as a user) • SFC – System File Checker (again admin privileges required) • Switches: • /SCANFILE – Scans file for problems and fixes them • /SCANNOW – Immediately scans all protected system files • /VERIFYONLY – Scans protected system files but not change them • /VERIFYFILE – Identifies the integrity of the specified file and will repair if needed • /OFFBOOTDIR – Repairs an offline boot directory • /OFFWINDIR – Repairs an offline windows directory • Will overwrite file if issue is found from C:\Windows\WinSxS (protected dir) • Most system files are in C:\Windows\System32 Quick Commands • CHKDSK – Checks a hard disk and attempts to repair errors • GPUPDATE – Group Policy update for Group Policy Settings • GPRESULT – shows the Resultant Set of Policy (RSoP) for a remote user/computer • EXIT – leaves the script or command window • EXPAND – used to expand compressed files • HELP – lists the commands available • HELP [command] – gives help on the [command] • [command] /? – more help on the specified [command] DIR • Displays a list of folders and subdirectories within a directory. • Exercise • Open a command prompt • Type DIR /? • Record in working records what the following switches do: 1. /A 2. /O 3. /L 4. /S 5. /T 6. /P 7. /Q More Commands • Dism • Deploy Image Servicing and Management • Uses windows images (.wim) files • Can install and remove system features with the tool • Net • Net Use • Allows administrators to map drives • net use z: \\server\share • net user • Allows administrators to list all the local accounts • Creating users • net user newUser Pa55w0rd /add NET • All windows have a NET command • Allows command line access to the network • Many switches – see https://www.lifewire.com/net-command- 2618094 • NET SHARE allows creation of shares at command line • NET SHARE <share_name>=<drive_letter>:path • Own subset of parameters • /DELETE – Stop sharing a folder • /REMARK – Adds a comment for browsers • /UNLIMITED – Set the user limit to Maximum allowed • /USERS – Set a specific user limited Network Commands • Need to know • PING • IPCONFIG • TRACERT • NETSTAT • NBSTAT • NET • NETDOM • NSLOOKUP ipconfig • Vital command • Covered in 1001 • ipconfig /all • Displays all the interface details available • ipconfig /release • Releases the current IP address from the DHCP lease • ipconfig /renew • Renews an IP address lease from the DHCP server • ipconfig