Complete Works for Violin Solo Eliot Alexander Lawson Walton

Complete Works for Violin Solo Eliot Alexander Lawson Walton

Universidade de Evora´ - Instituto de Investiga¸c˜aoe Forma¸c˜aoAvan¸cada Programa de Doutoramento em M´usica e Musicologia Area´ de especializa¸c˜ao Interpreta¸c˜ao | Tese de Doutoramento L´eon Souroujon: Complete works for violin solo Eliot Alexander Lawson Walton Orientador(es) Benoˆıt Gibson | Evora´ 2020 Universidade de Evora´ - Instituto de Investiga¸c˜aoe Forma¸c˜aoAvan¸cada Programa de Doutoramento em M´usica e Musicologia Area´ de especializa¸c˜ao Interpreta¸c˜ao | Tese de Doutoramento L´eon Souroujon: Complete works for violin solo Eliot Alexander Lawson Walton Orientador(es) Benoˆıt Gibson | Evora´ 2020 Otesededoutoramentofoiobjetodeaprecia¸c˜aoediscuss˜aop´ublicapeloseguintej´urinomeado pelo Diretor do Instituto de Investiga¸c˜ao e Forma¸c˜ao Avan¸cada: Presidente Eduardo Jos´eMonserrate Tavares Lopes (Universidade de Evora)´ | Vogais Carlos Damas (Universidade de Evora)´ | Iskrena Yordanova () Javier S´aenz de Santamar´ıa y Morales (Hospital Universitario de Badajoz - Universidad de Extremadura) Lidia L´opez Gom´ez (Universidad Autonoma Barcelona) Evora´ 2020 ii The more talented a violinist is, the more practice is needed to serve the cause. Leon Souroujon iii Abstract Leon Souroujon (1913–2007) was a well-known Bulgarian violinist and pedagogue, however, his importance as a composer is yet to be recognised. One of the objectives of this dissertation is to present Souroujon as a composer who has a unique style and whose contribution to the unaccompanied solo violin genre is noteworthy. Another objective is to introduce and categorize his collection of published and unpublished compositions and to create a new complete edition of all his compositions. Adopting a qualitative approach, extensive research has been conducted in order to comprehend the historical setting of Souroujon’s life and career. The study highlights important compositions in the development of unaccompanied solo violin genre that extends from the Baroque through to the 20th century and references the composers that influenced Souroujon. Some related information about societal shifts in Europe (in particular about the Second World War) that was linked to the historical development of the unaccompanied solo violin genre was gathered from a rich source of academic literature, online archives, audio recordings, and a varied bibliography. Leon Souroujon’s library of manuscripts reveals his compositional process and is evidence of his being a self-realized composer with a cohesive oeuvre. The dissertation includes the performance of three recitals in which Souroujon’s compositions are performed and juxtaposed to other pieces, including the seminal works of Bach, Paganini and Ysaÿe. Souroujon’s compositions display his own musical language, articulated both by his way of composing and his preferences for certain musical textures and expressions stemming from his influences: Sephardic Jewish folk music, Romantic Music, Classical Music, and violin playing traditions. His compositions, the first complete edition of his work, certificates, diplomas, documents, and photographs are catalogued in the appendices. Keywords: Leon Souroujon, composer, violinist, violin pedagogy, solo violin. iv LEON SOUROUJON: OBRAS COMPLETAS PARA VIOLINO SOLO Resumo Leon Souroujon (1913–2007) foi um famoso violinista e pedagogo búlgaro; no entanto, a sua importância como compositor está ainda por reconhecer. Um dos objectivos desta dissertação é apresentar Souroujon como compositor com um estilo único, cuja contribuição para o género de Violino Solo Sem Acompanhamento é digna de menção; é, igualmente, catalogar e dar a conhecer a totalidade da sua colecção de obras, publicadas e por publicar, e criar uma nova edição completa de todas as suas composições. Adoptando uma abordagem qualitativa, foi conduzida uma extensa pesquisa por forma a compreender o contexto histórico da vida e carreira de Leon Souroujon. O estudo evidencia importantes composições no desenvolvimento do género de Violino Solo Sem Acompanhamento, que se estende da era barroca e através do séc. XX, fazendo referência aos compositores que influenciaram Souroujon. A partir de uma vasta fonte de literatura académica, arquivos on-line, gravações de áudio e bibliografia variada, foi possível obter alguma informação sobre transformações sociais na Europa (em particular sobre a II Guerra Mundial) relacionada com o desenvolvimento histórico deste género musical. A biblioteca de obras manuscritas por Leon Souroujon permitiu a revelação do seu processo de criação, e prova como ele foi um compositor auto-realizado com uma obra coesa. A dissertação inclui a apresentação de três recitais em que as suas composições são executadas e justapostas a outras peças, incluindo obras de referência de Bach, Paganini e Ysaÿe. As composições de Souroujon exibem a sua própria linguagem musical, articulada tanto pela sua forma de compor como pela sua preferência por certas texturas e expressões musicais que derivam das suas influências: música folclórica judaica sefardita, música romântica, música clássica e música tradicional para violino. As suas composições, a primeira edição completa das suas obras, certificados, diplomas, documentos e fotografias estão catalogados nos apêndices. Palavras-chave: Leon Souroujon, compositor, violinista, pedagogia do violino, violin solo. v Table of Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... iii Resumo ..................................................................................................................................... iv Preface .................................................................................................................................... viii Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 Theoretical Framework .......................................................................................................... 3 Methodology .......................................................................................................................... 5 Literature Review .................................................................................................................. 5 Challenges, Issues and Recommendations ............................................................................ 7 Performance Component: Recitals as Artistic Research ..................................................... 11 I Souroujon’s Life History ....................................................................................................... 14 I.1 Souroujon’s Family Ancestry, Beginnings and Early Violin History ............................ 15 I.2 Souroujon’s Formative Years at Music School .............................................................. 19 I.3 Huberman ....................................................................................................................... 22 I.4 The Rise of the Music Academies .................................................................................. 23 I.5 George Enescu: École Normale de Musique in Paris, 1937 .......................................... 24 I.6 Souroujon’s Paris ........................................................................................................... 26 I.7 The War Years ............................................................................................................... 28 I.8 Shuman and Beli Izvor Labour Camps: Prequel to Composing .................................... 31 I.9 Post-war Years: Performance, Pedagogy, and Communism .......................................... 34 I.10 Katya Kazandjiewa, Pianist, Professor, and Souroujon’s Wife ................................... 36 I.11 Personal Life: 1950s and 1960s ................................................................................... 38 I.12 Performance Life with Partner Kazandjiewa: 1950s and 1960s .................................. 40 I.13 The 1970s: Introduction to Belgium and His First Études ........................................... 43 I.14 Death of Katya Kazandjiewa ........................................................................................ 45 I.15 Belgium in the 1980s: Souroujon Turns to Composing ............................................... 47 I.16 The 1990s: Souroujon’s Protégés and His Compositions ............................................ 48 I.17 The End: Honour, Teaching, Last Compositions ......................................................... 50 II Unaccompanied Solo Violin Genre ..................................................................................... 52 II.1 Renaissance Period, 1400–1600 ................................................................................... 54 II.2 Baroque Period, 1600–1750 .......................................................................................... 57 II.2.1 Italian Baroque ....................................................................................................... 59 II.2.2 German Baroque ..................................................................................................... 62 Bach .............................................................................................................................. 65 Telemann ...................................................................................................................... 67 II.2.3 Precursors of the Bravura Traditions .....................................................................

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