PRDC Environmental Impact Assessment of one Exploration Well Drilling Block 12 –Iraq Al-Muthanna Province Prepared by Ministry of Oil-Iraq Pertoleum Research & Development Center (PRDC) Environment & Corrosion Department Iraq- Baghdad/Waziriyah /Near the Petroleum Institute [email protected] for BASHNEFT INTRNATIONAL B.V. March-2016 Environmental Impact Assessment of One Exploration Well Drilling, Block 12 - Iraq Environmental Impact Assessment of One Exploration Well Drilling Block 12 -Iraq Prepared By Ministry of Oil-Iraq Pertoleum Research & Development Center PRDC Environment & Corrosion Department for BASHNEFT INTERNTIONAL BV March-2016 1 Environmental Impact Assessment of One Exploration Well Drilling, Block 12 - Iraq BASHNEFT INTERNATIONAL B.V Document Type EIA Report AL-Muthanna Province ,IRAQ No. of Pages 152 Environmental Impact Assessment Version Final Report of 1 Exploration Well Drilling Approved By Dr.Karim A.Alwan PRDC Director and Study team Adviser (Ph.D. Petroleum Engineering ) Reviewed By Zaydoon K.Kramed Manager of Environment & corrosion Department (M.SC. Industrial Chemistry) EIA Teamwork Thabit Abbas Ahmed (Chemist) Teamwork Leader Rusul M. Khazaal (Environment Engineer ) Teamwork Member 2 Environmental Impact Assessment of One Exploration Well Drilling, Block 12 - Iraq Safaa Dawood Abdulkareem (Chemist) Teamwork Member Ihab Sami Hasan (Geologist ) Teamwork Member Dr.Mohammad Ibrahim Nasir (Chemist ) Teamwork Member 3 Environmental Impact Assessment of One Exploration Well Drilling, Block 12 - Iraq Disclaimer: This report has been achieved by PRDC, one of the Iraqi MoO establishments. It was reported by the teamwork based on the acquired experience and skills concerning the environment issues via conducting many former studies .The topics of this report were decided by client company, BASHNEFT INTERNATIONAL(B.V.) according to the signed contract with PRDC dated in February 2016. The environmental data of this report was obtained from the official centers in Iraq and the published researches and studies. 4 Environmental Impact Assessment of One Exploration Well Drilling, Block 12 - Iraq Table of Contents Page NO. Title NO. List of Abbreviations & Acronyms 9 List of Tables 12 List of Figures 14 1 Introduction 17 2 Execution Summary 17 3 Target of the project 18 4 Project Description 19 4.1 Exploration Drilling 19 4.2 Drilling Site 21 4.3 Drilling Mud 23 4.4 Manpower of the exploration drilling activities 24 4.5 Support Facilities for Rig Site Exploration Drilling 26 4.6 Utilities for Rig Site for Exploration Drilling 27 5 Reviewing and Analysis of Baseline Study Block 12 27 5.1 Block 12 28 5.2 Prevailing Environmental Conditions on Block -12and the Adjacent 31 Territory 5.2.1 Climate 31 5.2.1.A Temperature 31 5.2.1.B Precipitation 33 5.2.1.C Relative Humidity 35 5.2.1.D Wind 35 5.2.2 Geomorphology 37 5.2.3 Geology 38 5 Environmental Impact Assessment of One Exploration Well Drilling, Block 12 - Iraq 5.2.3.A Remote sensing 39 5.2.4 Hydrology 40 5.2.5 Hydrogeology 42 5.2.6 Landscape 43 5.2.7 Soils 43 5.2.8 Land resources 45 5.2.9 Vegetation 45 5.2.10 Agricultural production 45 5.2.11 Desert plant of the region 46 5.2.12 Wildlife 50 5.2.13 Aquatic biological resources 53 5.2.14 Animal Breeding 54 5.2.15 Radiation 54 5.2.16 Environmental restricted zone 55 5.2.16.A Cultural and Archeological sites in Al-Muthanna province 55 5.2.16.B Holly Sanctuaries 56 5.2.16.C Mosques (Masjeds) 58 5.2.16.D Sawa lake 58 5.2.16.E Archeological building of Al-Salman prison 59 5.2.17 Man- Made load areas 59 5.2.18 Social Economic Environment on Block-12 and the adjacent territories 59 5.2.18.A Cities and Towns 60 5.2.18.B Demography 62 5.2.18.C Religion and Culture 66 5.2.18.D Economy and Income 67 6 Environmental Impact Assessment of One Exploration Well Drilling, Block 12 - Iraq 5.2.18.E Employment 71 5.2.19 Infrastructure 73 5.2.19.A Health Infrastructure 73 5.2.19.B Electricity 73 5.2.19.C Sanitation system 74 5.2.19.D Airports 75 5.2.20 Maps 75 5.3 Analysis of baseline study 76 6 EIA (Exploration Well Drilling) 76 6.1 Environment regulatory framework 76 6.1.1 International Environmental Standards 76 6.1.2 Environmental Law of the Republic of Iraq ,Law of Environment and 76 Protection of the Environment 6.1.3 International Conventions and Protocols on Environment Protection 77 6.1.4 Convention of Environmental Impact Assessment in Transboundary 79 context (Espoo , Finland,on 1991 6.1.5 Iraqi Archeological law No.55 of 2002 Article (a) of the 2002 Iraqi 81 Archeological law. 6.2 Environmental Impact Assessment of one Exploration Well Drilling , 81 Block 12 6.2.1 General Description 82 6.2.2 Criteria to determine the significance of the expected impacts 82 6.2.3 Potential Impacts on Ambient Air Quality 82 6.2.3.A Fuel Combustion Process 84 6.2.3.B Fugitive Gases and Odors 84 6.2.3.C Air Born Particulates 86 6.2.4 Impact on Soil 86 6.2.5 Impact on Vegetation 87 6.2.6 Impact on Natural Water sources 87 7 Environmental Impact Assessment of One Exploration Well Drilling, Block 12 - Iraq 6.2.6,A Surface Water 87 6.2.6,B Ground Water 87 6.2.7 Impact on Socioeconomic Life 88 6.2.8 Impact Assessment for Production and Consumption of Waste 89 6.2.8.A Wastewater Discharges 89 6.2.8,B Solid Waste Generation and Disposal 91 6.2.8.C Cuttings generated by exploration well drilling activities 91 6.2.8.D Hazardous Waste 93 6.2.9 Potential Impact of Noise & Vibration 93 6.2.9 Summarization of Environmental Impact Assessment 94 7 Impact Assessment for Emergencies and Accidents 96 7.1 Hazard Identification 96 7.2 Potential accident during oil well drilling activities 97 8 Environmental Management Plan ( EMP) of exploration well drilling 98 99 8.1 Ambient Air Quality 8.2 Water Resources Quality 100 8.3 Soil Quality and Landscape 102 8.4 Vegetation and Wildlife 106 9 Recommendations for Environmental Control and Monitoring Plan 107 during well drilling 9.1 Environmental Management Procedures 107 9.2 Organization (Roles & Responsibilities) 108 9.3 International Environmental Standards 111 9.3.1 Ambient Air Quality 111 9.3.2 Deviation between Ambient Air Quality Standards 114 9.3.3 Air Emission limits 115 9.3.3.A Fuel combustion process 122 9.3.3.B Fugitive gases and odors 122 8 Environmental Impact Assessment of One Exploration Well Drilling, Block 12 - Iraq 9.3.3.C Airborne particulates 123 9.3.3.D Quantitative Analysis of Air 123 9.4 Water Resources 124 9.4.1 Surface Water 124 9.4.2 Underground Water 124 9.5 Soil and landscape 127 9.6 Biodiversity 129 10 Conclusion 130 11 Public Hearings 130 12 References 132 13 The official offices that have been visited by the study team during the 134 time of conducting Baseline and EIA study 14 Appendixes 135 List of Abbreviations and Acronyms 2D Two Dimensions 3D Three Dimensions Ac Actinium API American Petroleum Institute As Arsenic ASRs Air Sensitive Receptors BIBV Bashneft International B.V bbl Barrels BC Before Christ C Carbon C6H6 Benzene CH2O Formaldehyde CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild Fauna 9 Environmental Impact Assessment of One Exploration Well Drilling, Block 12 - Iraq and Flora Cl- Chloride CMC Carboxy methyl cellulose CMS Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals Co Centigrade CO Carbon Monoxide CPF Central Processing Facility Cr Chrome Cu Copper dB Decibel dia diameter DPSC Development and Production Service Contract DST Drill stem test E East EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EP Extreme pressure Fe Iron h Hour H2S Sulfur dioxide HCl Hydrogen chloride HCs (non- Non methane Hydrocarbons methane) HF Hydrogen fluoride HSE Health, Safety & Environment ID Iraqi Dinar IFC International Financial Corporation Km Kilometer KSA Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 10 Environmental Impact Assessment of One Exploration Well Drilling, Block 12 - Iraq l liter mg Milligram mg/Nm3 Milligram per normal cubic meter ml Milliliter mm Millimeter m2 Square meter MoE Ministry of Environment MoO Ministry of Oil ng nanogram N North NE North East NH3 Ammonia Ni Nickel NOx Nitrogen Oxides NSW New South Wales NTU Nephelometric turbidity unit NW North West P Pressure 2P Proven + probable 3p Proven + probable+possible Pb Lead PIC Prior Informed Consent PM 2.5 the fraction of particulates matter in air of very small size (<2.5µm) PM10 the fraction of particulates matter in air of very small size (<10 µm) POPs Persistent Organic pollutants PRDC Petroleum Research & Development Center QC Quality Control RC Rotterdam Convention regs regulations 11 Environmental Impact Assessment of One Exploration Well Drilling, Block 12 - Iraq RL Receiver Line RP Receiver Point S South Sb Antimony Sec Second SiF4 Silicon fluoride SO2 Sulphur Dioxide SP Source Point SW South West TDS Total Dissolve Solids TEQ Toxic Equivalents TOC Total Organic Carbon TSP Total Suspended Particles UNFCCC United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change UTM Universal Transverse Mercator V Vanadium VSP Vertical Seismic Profile VOC Volatile Organic Carbon W West WHO World Health Organization WMP Waste Management Plan List of Tables Table No. Table Title 1 Constituents of water base mud 2 Block-12 Corners UTM coordinates 3 Monthly & Annually of minimum temperature average in Al-Samawa region (2000-2013) 4 Average monthly of Maximum temperature in Al-Samawa region 5 Monthly Average Temperature (C°) In Al-Salman Station (2000-2013 12 Environmental Impact Assessment of One Exploration Well Drilling, Block 12 - Iraq 6 Monthly Rainfall (mm) for Al-Samawa Region (2000-2103)