Auburn University Crops: Soybean Research Report 2016 Research Report No. 43 Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, 2017 Paul Patterson, Director Auburn University Auburn, AL In cooperation with the Alabama Cooperative Extension System (Alabama A&M University and Auburn University) Editors K. S. Lawrence Professor Entomology & Plant Pathology Auburn University, AL D. Delaney Extension Specialist Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Auburn University, AL Authors Abbreviations: ACES, Alabama Cooperative Extension System; AAES, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station; AFNR, Agriculture, Forestry, and Natural Resources. K. Balkcom B. Dillard Research Agronomist Regional Extension Agent I National Soil Dynamics Lab Geneva County Extension Center Auburn University, AL Geneva, AL C. Hicks D. Dodge Regional Extension Agent II Graduate Student EV Smith Research Center Entomology & Plant Pathology Shorter, AL Auburn University, AL J. Coleman J. Kelton Assistant Professor Regional Extension Agent I Entomology & Plant Pathology ACES-AFNR-Field Auburn Univeristy, AL Headland, AL K. Conner Y. Feng Extension Specialist Professor Plant Pathology Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL J. A. Tredaway B. Guertal Extension Specialist /Assistant Professor Professor Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Crop, Soil & Environmental Sciences Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL D. Delaney M. Hall Extension Specialist Extension Specialist Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Alabama Cooperative Extension System Auburn University, AL Auburn, AL M. Delaney J. Howe Entomology & Plant Pathology Associate Professor (retired) Auburn University, AL Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Auburn University, AL 1 A. Jacobson J. Murphy Assistant Professor Professor Entomology & Plant Pathology Entomology & Plant Pathology Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL T. Knappenberger B. Ortiz Assistant Professor Ext. Spec & Associate Professor Crop, Soil & Environmental Sciences Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Auburn University, AL S.W. Park J. Kemble Assistant Professor Extension Specialist & Professor Entomology & Plant Pathology Horticulture Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL A. Price E. Sikora Weed Scientist/Plant Physiologist Extension Specialist & Professor National Soil Dynamics Lab Plant Pathology Extension Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL C. Ray K.S. Lawrence Research Fellow IV Professor Entomology & Plant Pathology Entomology & Plant Pathology Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL T. Reed A. Bouselmi Extension Specialist Regional Extension Agent I Franklin County ACES-AFNR-Field Russellville, AL Abbeville, AL M. Runge A. Hagan Extension Specialist Extension Specialist & Professor Agricultural Economics & Rural Sociology Entomology and Plant Pathology Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL T. Sandlin C.C. Mitchell Regional Extension Agent I Extension Specialist Professor Emeritus Tennessee Valley Research Extension Center Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Belle Mina, AL Auburn University, AL R. Smith C. D. Monks Professor and Extension Entomologist, Emeritus Professor and Director AAES Res. Stations Entomology & Plant Pathology Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL D.B. Watts J. Shaw National Soil Dynamics Lab Professor & Soil Scientist Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL 2 D. B. Weaver T. Cutts Professor Emeritus Extension Specialist & Assistant Professor Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL W. Groover P. Donald Graduate Student Affiliate Professor Entomology & Plant Pathology Entomology and Plant Pathology Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL E. McGriff G. Huluka Regional Extension Agent II Associate Professor ACES-AFNR-Field Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Cherokee, AL Auburn University, AL G. Pate X. P. Hu Director Professor, Extension Specialist E.V. Smith Research Center Entomology and Plant Pathology Shorter, AL Auburn University, AL S. Till R. D. Locy Graduate Student Professor Entomology & Plant Pathology Biological Sciences Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL D. Dyer Laura Wendell Graduate Student Research Associate Entomology & Plant Pathology Entomology and Plant Pathology Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL M. Hall C. Broadbeck Graduate Student Research Engineer Entomology & Plant Pathology Biosystems Engineering Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL K. Wilkins L. Zhang Regional Extension Agent II Research Fellow IV ACES-AFNR-Field Entomology & Plant Pathology Bay Minette, AL Auburn University, AL R. Yates G. Vellidis Regional Extension Agent II Professor ACES-AFNR-Field Crop & Soil Sciences Linden, AL University of Georgia, Tifton, GA C. Dillard W. M. Porter Extension Specialist Crop & Soil Sciences Cooperative Extension System University of Georgia, Tifton, GA Auburn University, AL 3 Acknowledgements This publication is a joint contribution of Auburn University, the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, and the USDA Agricultural Research Service and National Soil Dynamics Laboratory. Research contained in AU Crops Research Reports was partially funded through the Alabama Soybean Producers, the Alabama Cotton Commission, the Alabama Wheat and Feed Grains Producers, and private industry grants. All funding is appreciated. Confidential Report Publication, display or distribution of data contained herein should not be made without prior written approval. Mention of a trademark product does not constitute a guarantee of the product by Auburn University and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products. 4 Contents I. Cultural Management ..................................................................................... 7 Developmental Work on the Creation of an Easy-to-Use, Low-Cost Regional Irrigation Scheduling Tool for Soybeans ........................................................................................ 7 Cover Crop Mixtures for Soybean Production ............................................................... 9 The Old Rotation........................................................................................................... 11 Cullars Rotation ............................................................................................................ 12 Soybean Production Tools for Alabama ....................................................................... 13 Comparison of On-Farm Irrigation Scheduling Practices in Southeast Alabama Crop Production ..................................................................................................................... 15 Improvement of Irrigation Management on Alabama Black Belt Soils ....................... 16 Variable Rate Irrigation Based on Soil Sampling and Sensor Techniques ................... 21 Row Spacing and Population Density Effect on Soybean Seed Yield ......................... 25 Soybean Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement ................................................. 27 II. Fertilizer Management .................................................................................. 28 Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Roundup Ready Soybean ........................................... 28 Field Assessment of Foliar Potassium Fertilizers for Soybeans ................................... 29 Yield Response of Soybeans Fertilized with Poultry Litter.......................................... 31 Improve Plant Health with Starter Fertilizers and Added Plant Hormones to Boost Soybean Yield Potential ................................................................................................ 32 III. Weed Management ........................................................................................ 38 Evaluation of Dicamba Tolerant Soybean Systems for Palmer Amaranth Control ...... 38 Off-Target Academy for Field Demonstration and Field Days .................................... 40 Evaluation of Residual Soybean Herbicides for Palmer Amaranth Control in Soybeans ....................................................................................................................................... 42 IV. Disease Management ..................................................................................... 43 Population Surveillance in Alabama of the Fungus that Causes Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome ...................................................................................................................... 43 Evaluation of Fungicides for Control of Soybean Rust and Other Foliar Diseases of Soybeans ....................................................................................................................... 44 Evaluation of Fungicide Programs with Large-Scale Strip Tests ................................. 45 Determining if Soybean Vein Necrosis Virus Causes Yield Loss in Soybeans ........... 46 Building a Disease-Related Gene Expression Catalog that Can Be Used for Disease Diagnosis and Genetic Improvement ............................................................................ 47 V. Insect Management ....................................................................................... 50 5 On-farm Demonstration of Low-input Biological Control for Suppressing Populations of Kudzu Bugs in Soybean ........................................................................................... 50 Impact of The Parasitic Wasp Paratelenomus saccharalis in Suppressing