GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF NEW JERSEY ANNUAL REPORT OF THE STATE GEOLOGIST For the Year 190l TRENTON. N. J.: M^cCRgLLTSZl & QUIGLEY, ST^T_ PRINT_RS, O_POSrr_ POST OFelC_. 19o2, NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CONTENTS. PAGE. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS, .............................................. V BOARD OF MANAGERS, . ................................................ vii LE_ER OF TRANSMITTAL, .............................................. iX Administrative Report, xl.--Topographic Work, xiv ; Surface Geology, xv; Paleontology, xvi; Paleozoic Formations, xvii; Clay and Clay Industries, xviii; Artesian Wells, xix; Forestry, xx; Drainage, xxii; Chemical Work, xxiii; The Mining Industry. xxiv; Pan-American Exposition, xxiv; Museum, xxvi; Library, xxvii; Publications, xxvlii. PART I.--The Rocks of the Green Pond Mountain Region, by Henry B. Kfimmel and Stuart Weller, . ................ I Geological Formations, . ..................................... 4 Structure ..................................................... 25 Conditions of Formation ..................................... 39 Summary of Previous Views .................................. 46 PART II.--Artesian Wells, by Lewis Woohnan ....................... 53 "_Vells in Southern New Jersey ................................ 57 Wells Mostly in Northern New Jersey, . ..................... I19 Wells Reported by W. R. Osborne ............................ I19 Wells Reported by P. H. and J. Conlan, . ..................... I2O Wells Reported by Stotthoff Bros., ........................... 122 Wells Reported by Harry Estes, . .............................. x26 PART lll.--Chlorlne In Natural Waters, by William S. Myers, ......... x29 PART IV.--Tho Mlnlng Industry, by Henry B. Kilmmel,. ............ t33 The Iron Mines, . ............................................ 135 The Zinc Mines .............................................. x49 The Copper Mines, . ......................................... ISo Copper Leaching at the American Copper Mine. by Josiah Bond, I.53 MINERAL STATISTICS, . ................................................ I63 PUBLICATIONS ........................................................ I67 ItCDEX, . ............................................................. 173 (iii) NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ILLUSTRATIONS. MAPS. A Geological Map of the Green Pond Mountain Region in Morris and Passaic counties, . ........................................... In pocket. A Map of New Jersey, showing Normal Chlorine, . ......... Facing page 13l PLATES. PAGE. PLATE l.--MonroeShalesnorthof Ncwfoundland....................2o PLATE lI.--MiltonValleyand Green Pond Mountain................._6 PLATE IIl.--ThePcquannockGap at Newfoundland,..................27 PLATE IV.--Sections Showing the Structure of the Green Pond Mountain Region ................................................. 28 PLATE V.--Ledges of Green Pond Conglomerate, Newfoundland, . ..... 29 PLATE VI.--Green Pond and Brown's Mountains, from Newfoundland, .. 3o FIGURES. FIG. 1.--Structure between Gould's Quarry and Kanouse Mountain ..... 6 FIc. 2.--Section at the southwest end of Greenwood Lake ............... 37 / (v) NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Board of Managers. HIs EXCELLENCYFOSTER M. VOORHEES, Governor, and ex-o_cio President of the Board, . ................ TI_.';TON. I. Congressional District. CLEMENT H. SINNICKSON .......................... SaLr._L VACANCYv ............................................... II. Congressional District. EDWARD C. STOKES ................................. MILLVILLE. EMMOR ROBERTS, . ................................... MOORESTOWX. IlL Congressional District. HENRY S. LITTLE .................................... M,_Tawax. M. D. VALENTINE ..................................... "WOODBRI_;E. IV. Congressional District. WASHINGTON A. ROEBLING ......................... TRENTON. *WILLIAM J. TAYLOR ................................ BOUNDBROOK. V. Congressional District. FREDERICK A. CANFIELD ............................ DovE_. ERNEST R. ACKERMAN .............................. PLMXFIELI_. VI, Congressional District. GEORGE W. WHEELER ............................... I-tACKENSACK. WILLIAM F. HALL ..................................... P0-_IPTONLAKES. VII. Congressional District. WENDELL P. GARRISON ............................. ORa_;CE. *HERBERT M. LLOYD ................................. .'_[ONTCLAIR. VIII. Congressional District. FREDERIC W. STEVENS .............................. NEWARK. *HARRISON VAN DUYNE ............................ NEWARK. (vii) NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY viii BOARD OF MANAGERS. IX. Congressional District. "_LEBBEUS B. WARD .................................. VAC kNCY. ................................................ X. Congressional District. S. BAYARD I)OI)......................................HOBOKEN. :'JOSEPH D. BEDLE ................................... JERSEY CITY. * Elrcttd to memh( rship on the Board January to, 1902, _"Died July 3. t9°t. NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 7"0 His E.rcellc_zcy Foster M. Koorhees, Gover_zor of the State of Ne_r Jersey a_ld ex-oflicio President of the Board of Ma_l- ogers of the Geological SurvQ,: SIR--I have the honor to sul)nlit tile annual report of tile Geological Survey for the year I9ol. Yours respectfully, HENRY B. KUMMEL, Acti_l.g State Geologist. TnExTox, N. J., November 3oth, i9ot. 2 G1,:OL (ix) NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY _ 2 ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT. Topographic Work.reSurface Geolog_.--Paleon- tology.--Paleozoi¢ Formafions.nClay and Clay Industrles.--Arteslan Wells.nForestry. --Dralnage.--Chcmical Work.--Pan-Ameri- can Exposition.--Museum.--Library.--Pub- licafions. (xi) NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Administrative Report. HENRY B. KUMSII.:L, ACTING STATE GEOLOGIST. The resignation of Professor John C. Smock as State Geol- ogist, which was presented to the Board of Managers October 3oth, i9oo , was accepted oi1 May 22d following, and took effect July Ist. Bv resolntion of the Board, the Assistant State Geol- ogist was placed in charge of the work of the Survey' pending the appointment of a State Geologist. The accompanying re-' port therefore covers the work done under Mr. Smock's direction from the beginning of the year to July 1st, and under my direc- lion from that (late to the close of the year. The work of the Survey has been along the sanae general lines as in previous years. Mr. C. C. Vermeule has continued to act as consulting topographer and has had charge of the tol_graphic work. Prof. R. D. Salisbury has had charge of the Surface Geology; Mr. Smart Weller of the paleontological work: Mr. Lewis \¥oohnan of the artesian well records, and Prof. \Villimn S. Myers of the chemical work. Prof. Heinrich Ries has been engaged to prelmre :t report upon the clay, and clay indnstries of the State. Correspondence, distribution of the publications and sale of maps, in addition to other administrative duties, have taken a portion of the time of the Assistant State Geologist. Revision of manuscript and reading of proof in connection with the Re- port for I9oo occupied nmch of his time duriug the early part of the 3,ear. Later the preparation of the exhibit for the Pan- American Exposition and its installatiou at Buffalo demanded his attention. From July 6th to October 26th he was engaged in field work on the Paleozoic formations of the northern part of the State and on the Cretaceous clays of Middlesex county. Mr. (xiii) NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY xiv ANNUAL REPORT OF llaUichl Smith, general assistant, and Miss Laura Lee, stenog- rapher, have vixen efficient service. TOPOGRAPttIC WORK. T'_c totx_graphic work has been in charge of Mr. C. C. Ver- mculc, who continue:, to act as Consulting Topographer and En- gineer _f the Survey. Ite has been assisted by Mr, Peter D. Staat_ in the field and Mr. J. R. Prince and Mr. William A. C_wiell in the office. l)uring the past year the field work of the topographic survey has included some reviewing and perfecting of the Morristown aml Atlantic City sheets which were mainly surveyed in the pre- vi,u.- year. The Trenton sheet, Shark River sheet and east half of the New Brunswick sheet have been surveyed and some work has been done upnn the South River and Matawan sheets. The num- ber of square miles surveyed during the year was 22o, making a total .f 1,263 square miles of land surface re-surveyed for the large scale maps up to date. In the office the following map-sheets were drawn and made ready for the printer: Amboy (completed), Long Branch, Nave- sink, Morristown, New York Bay and Atlantic City (except for the addition of some data from the U. S. Coast Survey). Con- siderable progress has also beeu made upon the Trenton sheet. The sheets drawn during the year cover about 24o square miles of h'md surface. During the year the following sheets were published: Mount Holly, \\'oodhury, Taunton, Amboy, Navesink and Long Branch, making a total of thirteen with those previously issued, and covering 9o6 square miles of land surface. The following sum- mary indicate_ the progress of the work upon the new sheets to date: Sheets published, 13. Sheets surveyed and drawn but not published, 3- Sheets surveyed but not drawn, 2 (complete), 3 (in part). Miscellaneous work such as furnishing working maps for the field geologists, the preparation of illustrations for the Annual NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY THE STATE GEOLOGIST. xv Report, revision of printed maps and reading of proof sheets have occupied a part of the time of this division of the Survey. in connection with the exhibit of the Geological Survey