The Sultanate of Oman Public Authority for Electricity and Water Project for Energy Conservation Master Plan in the Power Sector in the Sultanate of Oman Final Report February 2013 Japan International Cooperation Agency Tokyo Electric Power Company IL JR 13-002 Table of Contents Executive Summary Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the Study ......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Scope and Objective of the Study ............................................................................................ 1 1.2.1 Scope of the Study ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2.2 Objective .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.3 Scope of Work .................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Implementation Schedule ........................................................................................................ 3 1.3.1 Work Flow of the Study .................................................................................................... 3 1.3.2 Work Schedule .................................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Study Team Structure .............................................................................................................. 7 1.5 Basic Approach for Current Situation Analysis ........................................................................ 8 1.5.1 Generation Cost Analysis .................................................................................................. 8 1.5.2 Power and Energy Demand Forecasts ................................................................................ 8 1.5.3 Analysis on Electricity Consumption (Macro-level) .......................................................... 9 1.5.4 Analysis on Electricity Consumption (Micro-level) ......................................................... 11 1.5.5 Potential Survey on Automatic Control System of Electric Appliances ............................ 12 1.5.6 Energy Consumption Analysis by Site ............................................................................. 12 1.5.7 Analysis of the Electricity Tariff ..................................................................................... 14 1.5.8 Awareness Survey on Energy Efficiency and Conservation ............................................. 15 1.5.9 Market Research on High-efficiency Appliance .............................................................. 16 1.5.10 Survey on Possibility of Introduction of Smart Meter.................................................... 16 1.5.11 Survey on Applicable EE&C Technology for Street Lighting ........................................ 16 1.6 Basic Approach for Proposal of EE&C Measures .................................................................. 16 1.6.1 Understanding and Adjustment of the Concept of Each EE&C Measure .......................... 16 1.6.2 Review EE&C Measure Priorities ................................................................................... 17 1.6.3 Depth of Discussion of Each EE&C Measure according to Priority ................................. 17 1.7 Basic Approach for Creation of Master Plan .......................................................................... 19 1.7.1 Roadmap to Show Comprehensive Implementation Schedule .......................................... 19 1.7.2 Proposal of Executing Agency ........................................................................................ 20 1.7.3 Economic Analysis .......................................................................................................... 21 1.7.4 Proposal of Action Plan and Recommendation ................................................................ 21 Chapter 2 Energy Efficiency Policy in Other Countries .......................................................... 22 2.1 Japan ..................................................................................................................................... 22 2.1.1 Energy Policy and Energy Conservation Law .................................................................. 22 2.1.2 Energy Management System ........................................................................................... 25 2.1.3 Minimum Energy Standards and Labeling System (Top Runner System) ......................... 32 2.1.4 EE&C Building Regulation ............................................................................................. 36 2.1.5 Energy Conservation Center, Japan ................................................................................. 40 2.1.6 Major Dissemination Programs ....................................................................................... 44 2.1.7 Electricity Tariff ............................................................................................................. 51 2.1.8 Automatic Meter Reading System ................................................................................... 59 2.1.9 Automatic Control System of Electric Appliances ........................................................... 63 2.2 European Union (EU) ............................................................................................................ 68 2.2.1 Basic Strategy for Energy Efficiency .............................................................................. 68 2.2.2 EU Directives in Energy Efficiency ................................................................................ 69 2.2.3 Current Situation in Standardization of Energy Efficiency Activities .............................. 73 2.3 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) ................................................ 74 2.3.1 Policy on EE&C .............................................................................................................. 74 2.3.2 Major Schemes on EE&C ................................................................................................ 75 2.4 India ...................................................................................................................................... 78 2.4.1 Policy on EE&C .............................................................................................................. 78 2.4.2 Major Schemes on EE&C ................................................................................................ 79 2.5 Thailand ................................................................................................................................ 82 2.5.1 Policy on EE&C .............................................................................................................. 82 2.5.2 Major Schemes on EE&C ................................................................................................ 83 2.6 Australia ................................................................................................................................ 85 2.6.1 Policy on EE&C .............................................................................................................. 85 2.6.2 Major Schemes on EE&C ................................................................................................ 86 2.7 Saudi Arabia .......................................................................................................................... 88 2.7.1 Policy on EE&C .............................................................................................................. 88 2.7.2 Major EE&C Schemes .................................................................................................... 89 2.8 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 95 2.8.1 Policy on EE&C in Other Countries ................................................................................ 95 2.8.2 Law on EE&C ................................................................................................................. 96 Chapter 3 General Information of Oman ................................................................................. 97 3.1 General Information .............................................................................................................. 97 3.1.1 Basic Information of the Country .................................................................................... 97 3.1.2 Natural Environment ....................................................................................................... 98 3.1.3 Economic Activity .......................................................................................................... 99 3.2 Social Economic Development ............................................................................................ 101 3.2.1 Population Trends ......................................................................................................... 101 3.2.2 Economy and Development plan ................................................................................... 104 3.2.3 The 8th Five Year Development Plan ............................................................................. 109 3.2.4 GDP Outlook in Long