Bölcsészet- és Társadalomtudományi Kar Bölcsészet- és Társadalomtudományi Kar Balogné Bérces Katalin Az angol nyelvBölcsészet- szerkezete és (The StructureTársadalomtudományi of English) Kar egyetemi jegyzet ISBN 978-963-308-269-0 Budapest, 2016. Balogné Bérces Katalin: Az angol nyelv szerkezete (The Structure of English) Egyetemi jegyzet Készült a PPKE BTK jegyzetíró pályázatának keretében Lektorálta: Szécsényi Krisztina PPKE/PPCU 2016 To my father Contents About the book ........................................................................................................................................ 6 1.1 The basics of word structure. Inflection and word-formation processes ........................................... 8 1.2 Further reading ............................................................................................................................ 12 1.3 Practice exercises ........................................................................................................................ 12 1.4 Extension: An outline of Hungarian vs. English morphosyntax ................................................. 13 1.5 Practice exercises ........................................................................................................................ 16 2.1 The basics of sentence structure. Category vs. function.................................................................. 19 2.2 Further reading ............................................................................................................................ 24 2.3 Practice exercises ........................................................................................................................ 25 2.4 Extension: More on grammar and grammatical functions .......................................................... 26 2.5 Practice exercises ........................................................................................................................ 30 3.1 Word-level categories and their subcategories ................................................................................ 32 3.2 Further reading ............................................................................................................................ 40 3.3 Practice exercises ........................................................................................................................ 40 3.4 Extension: Complementisers ....................................................................................................... 42 3.5 Practice exercises ........................................................................................................................ 43 4.1 The structure of the Verb Phrase and the complementation of verbs .............................................. 45 4.2 Further reading ............................................................................................................................ 52 4.3 Practice exercises ........................................................................................................................ 52 4.4 Extension: Two highlights: “phrasal verbs” and the “subjunctive” ............................................ 54 4.5 Practice exercises ........................................................................................................................ 56 5.1 Nouns and Noun Phrases ................................................................................................................. 58 5.2 Further reading ............................................................................................................................ 62 5.3 Practice exercises ........................................................................................................................ 62 5.4 Extension: Determiners in complex NPs ..................................................................................... 63 5.5 Practice exercises ........................................................................................................................ 66 6.1 Other phrases ................................................................................................................................... 68 6.2 Further reading ............................................................................................................................ 72 6.3 Practice exercises ........................................................................................................................ 72 6.4 Extension: The Inflectional Phrase .............................................................................................. 73 6.5 Practice exercises ........................................................................................................................ 77 7.1 The simple sentence. Sentence types............................................................................................... 79 7.2 Further reading ............................................................................................................................ 83 7.3 Practice exercises ........................................................................................................................ 83 7.4 Extension: Canonical and non-canonical clauses ........................................................................ 84 7.5 Practice exercises ........................................................................................................................ 88 8.1 The complex sentence. Formal and functional divisions of subclauses .......................................... 90 8.2 Further reading ............................................................................................................................ 95 8.3 Practice exercises ........................................................................................................................ 96 8.4 Extension: More on non-finite clauses in English and Hungarian .............................................. 97 8.5 Practice exercises ...................................................................................................................... 100 9.1 Information gap in wh-questions and relative clauses ................................................................... 102 9.2 Further reading .......................................................................................................................... 107 9.3 Practice exercises ...................................................................................................................... 107 9.4 Extension: More on wh-fronting and relative clauses ............................................................... 108 9.5 Practice exercises ...................................................................................................................... 111 10.1 Information packaging ................................................................................................................ 113 10.2 Further reading ........................................................................................................................ 118 10.3 Practice exercises .................................................................................................................... 118 10.4 Extension: Raising and the causative ...................................................................................... 120 10.5 Practice exercises .................................................................................................................... 122 11.1 Word order and types of inversion .............................................................................................. 124 11.2 Further reading ........................................................................................................................ 129 11.3 Practice exercises .................................................................................................................... 129 11.4 Extension: Two highlights: Subject-Verb Inversion and the Principle of End Weight ........... 131 11.5 Practice exercises .................................................................................................................... 133 12.1 Pro-forms and ellipsis .................................................................................................................. 135 12.2 Further reading ........................................................................................................................ 141 12.3 Practice exercises .................................................................................................................... 141 13. Bibliography .................................................................................................................................. 143 About the book “Never make fun of someone who speaks broken English. It means they know another language.” H. Jackson Brown, Jr. This book gives an overview of the morphological and syntactic structure of English. Its intended audience is the students of PPCU at the English Studies BA programme on the one hand, and at the MA programme in TEFL on the other, both full-time and part-time. The two courses involved are called English Grammar (for BA students and 5-year MAs) and English Syntax for Teachers (for both 2-year and 5-year MAs). English Grammar introduces the basics of English phrase and sentence structure, and compares the major structural properties of Hungarian and English, thus improving students’ active