PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE OF KON TUM PROVINCE AN ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN IN KON TUM PROVINCE AN ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN 1 AND WOMEN IN KON TUM PROVINCE OF THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN IN KON TUM PROVINCE AN ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN IN KON TUM PROVINCE AckNOWLEDGEMENTS This Situation Analysis was undertaken in 2013-2014 as part of the Social Policy and Governance Programme, under the framework of the Country Programme of Cooperation between the Government of Viet Nam and UNICEF in the period 2012-2016. This publication exemplifies the strong partnership between Kon Tum Province and UNICEF Viet Nam. The research was completed by a research team consisting of Edwin Shanks, Buon Krong Tuyet Nhung and Duong Quoc Hung with support from Vu Van Dam and Pham Ngoc Ha. Findings of the research were arrived at following intensive consultations with local stakeholders, during fieldwork in early 2013 and a consultation workshop in Kon Tum in July 2014. Inputs were received from experts from relevant provincial line departments, agencies and other organisations, including the People’s Council, the Provincial Communist Party, the Department of Planning and Investment, the Department of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs, the Department of Education, the Department of Health, the Provincial Statistics Office, the Department of Finance, the Social Protection Centre, the Women’s Union, the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, the Provincial Centre for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation, the Committee for Ethnic Minorities, Department of Justice. Finalization and editing of the report was conducted by the UNICEF Viet Nam Country Office. Kon Tum Province and UNICEF Viet Nam would like to sincerely thank all those who contributed to this publication. 4 AN ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN IN KON TUM PROVINCE PREFACE This Analysis is part of a series of provincial situation analyses that UNICEF Viet Nam has initiated to support provinces under the Social Policy and Governance Programme. The initiative aims to inform the provinces’ planning and budgeting, including Socio-Economic Development Plans (SEDPs) as well as sectoral plans, in order to make them more child-sensitive and evidence-based. The Analysis of the Situation of Children provides a holistic picture of the situation of girls and boys in Kon Tum province. This Analysis takes a child rights-based approach, looking at the situation of children from the equity perspective. The Analysis therefore makes a unique contribution to understanding the situation of children – girls and boys, rural and urban children, Kinh and ethnic minority children, poor and rich children – today in Kon Tum province. The report’s findings confirm the province’s remarkable progress in child rights implementation, in line with its socio-economic development achievements in recent years. However, there are areas where disparities still exist and more progress is needed. This is particularly the case for disadvantaged population groups including ethnic minority, but also in areas such as child stunting and malnutrition, water and sanitation, transition from primary to secondary education and child protection. We hope that this Situation Analysis will be an useful reference document for Kon Tum Province to inform the planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluation processes with a view of making provincial SEDPs, sectoral plans and development interventions more child sensitive. LE THI KIM DON Vice Chair Kon Tum Provincial People’s Committee AN ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN 5 AND WOMEN IN KON TUM PROVINCE LIST OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Preface ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 List of Table, Maps, Boxes and Figures ............................................................................................................................ 10 List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................................. 15 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 16 1.1 Research objectives .................................................................................................................................................. 17 1.2 Analytical framework and research methodology ....................................................................................... 17 1.3 Fieldwork locations and research participants ............................................................................................... 20 1.4 Structure of the report ........................................................................................................................................... 22 CHAPTER 2 DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT ..................................................................... 26 2.1 Geographical setting ............................................................................................................................................... 27 2.1.1 Climate change, water resources and environmental vulnerability ............................................. 28 2.2 Demographic characteristics and trends ......................................................................................................... 28 2.2.1 Population size and urbanization .............................................................................................................. 28 2.2.2 In-migration....................................................................................................................................................... 29 2.2.3 Ethnic composition ......................................................................................................................................... 30 2.2.4 Population age structure and life expectancy ...................................................................................... 31 2.2.5 Population growth and fertility .................................................................................................................. 32 2.2.6 Sex ratio at birth .............................................................................................................................................. 32 2.2.7 Household size ................................................................................................................................................. 34 2.3 Comparison of key human development indicators .................................................................................... 34 2.3.1 Infant and child mortality ............................................................................................................................. 34 2.3.2 Child nutrition .................................................................................................................................................. 35 2.3.3 Water supply and sanitation ........................................................................................................................ 35 2.3.4 Education status of the adult population ............................................................................................... 35 2.4 Provincial economy, household incomes and employment ..................................................................... 36 2.4.1 Structure of the provincial economy........................................................................................................ 36 6 AN ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN IN KON TUM PROVINCE 2.4.2 Household incomes and consumption expenditures ..........................................................................37 2.4.3 Land use and recent developments in the agriculture economy .....................................................37 2.4.4 Labour force structure and participation ..................................................................................................39 CHAPTER 3 INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT AND INTRa-PROVINCIAL DIFFERENTIATION ..................................................................................................... 40 3.1 Institutional context for the fulfilment of child rights ....................................................................................41 3.1.1 Provincial revenue, provincial budget and social sector expenditures ..........................................41 3.1.2 Legislative framework for child care, protection and education .....................................................43 3.1.3 Province Action Programme for Children ..................................................................................................43 3.1.4 Institutional roles and responsibilities for child rights ..........................................................................48 3.1.5 Cross-sector coordination, integration and synergy .............................................................................53 3.2 Major Patterns of Intra-Provincial Differentiation ......................................................................................54 3.2.1 Demographic zonation ..........................................................................................................................................54