A CENTURY OF MUSICAL DEVELOPMENT IN TUCSON, ARIZONA, 1867-1967 Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Cordeiro, Joseph Lemos, 1926- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 24/09/2021 22:26:58 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284974 I This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 68-13 673 CORDEIRO, Joseph, 1926- A CENTURY OF MUSICAL DEVELOPMENT IN TUCSON, ARIZONA, 1867 - 1967. University of Arizona, A.Mus.D„ 1968 Music University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan | C COPYRIGHTED BY JOSEPH CORDEIRO 1968 ill A CENTURY OP MUSICAL DEVELOPMENT IN TUCSON, ARIZONA, I867 - I967 by Joseph Cordeiro A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the SCHOOL OP MUSIC In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1968 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by JOSEPH CORDEIRO entitled A flF.NTTIRY OF MUST fl AT. DEVELOPMENT IN TUCSON, ARIZONA, 1867-1967 be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS Dissertation Director Date After inspection of the final copy of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:''- 3- <s 1-C? _J/3I /cr This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination. The inclusion of this sheet bound into the library copy of the dissertation is evidence of satisfactory performance at the final examination. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allow­ able without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manu­ script in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED s V, ^V^?c /^-T^^/-^ is ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writer wishes to express his deep appreciation to Dr. 0. M. Hartsell for his invaluable guidance and advice during the preparation of this chronicle. Secondly, the writer will always be grateful to the Arizona Pioneers' Historical Society and to the Special Collections Department of the University of Arizona Library for the use of their collections of otherwise unattainable material. Last, especial thanks to the writer's wife, Joann, and to their daughter, Lyn, without whose support, encour­ agement and assistance the compilation of this dissertation would have been an impossible task. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OP ILLUSTRATIONS . • . viii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 II. THE OLD PUEBLO , 6 PART I - Tucson: Early History . , 6 PART II - Tucson: 1867 - 1880 10 Early Educational Facilities 13 Military Musical Organizations ........ 16 III. THE LAST OF THE TERRITORIAL DAYS 20 Tucson: 1881 - 1911 20 The Establishment of The University of Arizona 24 The Beginning of Musical Instruction in Tucson's Schools ..... JO First Community Musical Enterprises 40 The Tucson Philharmonic Club 42 Mariner's Juvenile Groups ..... 44 The Saturday Morning Musical Club ...... 49 IV. ARIZONA, THE NEWEST STAR 52 Tucson: 1912 - 1924 52 Musical Activities at The University of Arizona . 55 Certification of Music Teachers 63 Music in the Schools 66 Community Musical Activities ......... ?0 v vi TABLE OP CONTENTS—Cont inued Page V. RISE TO PROMINENCE ...... 72 Tucson: 1925 - 1949 72 The University of Arizona School of Music ... 76 Changes in Certification 99 The Schools of Tucson 100 The Temple of Music and Art .......... 106 The Tucson Symphony Orchestra , . 108 The Tucson Music Teachers Association 114 Other Musical Organizations 114 VI. MIRACLE IN THE DESERT 117 Tucson: 1950 - 19&7 117 The Expanding University 118 Musical Activities In the Schools 132 Continuing Community Musical Activities . 141 The Tucson Festival of the Arts 144 The Opera Guild of Southern Arizona . o © 147 New Community Musical Activities 150 The Changing Musical Scene . 151 APPENDIX A: LIST OP MUSIC FACULTY: THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA . 155 APPENDIX B: LIST OP GRADUATES IN MUSIC: THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 159 APPENDIX C: STATE SUPERINTENDENTS OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION ................ 173 APPENDIX D: MUSIC TEACHERS IN TUCSON SCHOOL DISTRICT NUMBER ONE 174 APPENDIX E: MUSIC TEACHERS IN FLOWING WELLS SCHOOL DISTRICT 178 APPENDIX F: MUSIC TEACHERS IN AMPHITHEATER SCHOOL APPENDIX G: MUSIC TEACHERS IN SUNNYSIDE SCHOOL UXolxlJ-UJ. ................. xOU APPENDIX H: MUSIC TEACHERS IN THE PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS . 181 APPENDIX I: MUSIC TEACHERS IN THE PRIVATE SCHOOLS ... 183 APPENDIX J: TUCSON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA CONDUCTORS ... 184 APPENDIX K: TUCSON CIVIC CHORUS DIRECTORS 185 APPENDIX L: PRESIDENTS OP THE TUCSON MUSIC TEACHERS ASSOCIATION ..... 186 LIST OF REFERENCES .....so............ 18/ LIST OP ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. The Tucson Philharmonic Club at Los Angeles, August 15, I896 ^5 2. Mariner's Juvenile Orchestra, c. I897 ^7 3. The Oratorio Society, 1924 6k K. Tucson High School Band, 1923 69 5. Arthur Olaf Andersen, Dean, The College of Pine Arts, The University of Arizona 91 6. The Tucson Symphony Orchestra, 1929 112 7. John B. Crowder, Dean, The College of Pine Arts, The University of Arizona ..... 122 viii ABSTRACT The history of musical growth in Tucson, Arizona, for one hundred years, has "been the history of exploration and development: a search for ways of providing and using music in community living. Centuries before this chronicle commences, Indians of the region considered music an inte­ gral part of their ceremonial observances. With the advent of the mission system, Indians were introduced to the music of the Catholic church, and the missions established by Father Kino maintained well-trained native choirs. The land area that is now Southern Arizona was originally a part of Mexioo, and the majority of the music heard a century ago in Tucson was provided by people of Mexican ancestry. As railroads were built in the southern portion of the Arizona Territory, it became easier and safer for new settlers to reach Tucson. They brought their own songs and other music with them. Some of these new citizens had acquired musical training in the eastern part of the United States or in European countries, and the music they knew and performed was different from that of Tucson's Spanish and Mexican heritage. ix X Even in Territorial days, there were Tucsonlans sufficiently interested in music to found the city's first bands, orchestras, church choirs, and musical clubs. Al­ though few of these first endeavors survived the test of time, they did provide commendable contacts with music for Tucsonlans as well as stimulated the development of other musical organizations. As the new State of Arizona and the City of Tucson expanded, so did local musical activities and facilities for musical events; within the past half- century, residents of Tucson have been offered an increasing number and variety of musical events - many of them undoubt­ edly beyond the expectations of even the most far-sighted musical pioneers. It is interesting to note that, in spite of the many problems confronting Tucsonlans in Territorial and early Statehood days, they were always deeply concerned with the establishment of a lasting musical education for their children. Tucson"s public school system, which was started in I867 with a one-room, one-teacher school for a few boys, now includes four major school districts, all of which currently offer varied and excellent music study opportunities. These four districts now have a total of 84 teaching specialists in music alone, and approximately 20,000 students annually participate in school-sponsored musical activities. Tucson's parochial school system, first established in 1870 when the Sisters of St. Joseph opened a Female Academy, initially included music as a part of the curriculum as it continues to do in all three of its high schools at the present time. Instruction in music at The University of Arizona progressed from a very small and hesitant beginning in 1892 to a fully accredited and nation­ ally recognized School of Music. During this period of seventy-five years from I892 to 1967, the University has awarded 365 Bachelor's, 202 Master's, and 6 Doctor's degrees in music. Throughout this document, emphasis has been placed on establishing an historical frame-work in which to relate the musical events which occurred during the past one hun­ dred years. References are made to the many ways in which music was used in dally living in a frontier environment, in Territorial and early Statehood days, and finally as an integral part of Tucson's cultural expansion of recent years. Although the cultural growth of other parts of the State of Arizona has been equally impressive, this study deals only with persons and events related to Tucson itself. Finally, it is hoped that the information presented in this dissertation may become a permanent record of the unique and interesting musical growth and development in The Old Pueblo from 1867 to 1967. CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Music has always played a major role in the com­ munity life of Tucson. Long before Tucson was settled by the Spaniards, Indians of the region considered music an integral part of their ceremonial rites. In addition to the poetic chanting which constituted a large portion of their musical activities, they constructed musical instru­ ments from available materials and learned to play them.