PNNL-24049 DUSTRAN 2.0 User’s Guide: A GIS-Based Atmospheric Dust Dispersion Modeling System March 2015 WJ Shaw FC Rutz JP Rishel EG Chapman Prepared for the U.S. Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program under a Related Services Agreement with the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 PNNL-24049 DUSTRAN 2.0 User’s Guide: A GIS-Based Atmospheric Dust Dispersion Modeling System WJ Shaw FC Rutz JP Rishel EG Chapman March 2015 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program under a Related Services Agreement with the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352 Summary The U.S. Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) completed a multi-year project to update the DUSTRAN atmospheric dispersion modeling system, which is being used to assist the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) in addressing particulate air quality issues at military training and testing ranges. This version—DUSTRAN V2.0—includes (1) a complete replacement of the geographic information system (GIS) platform to include the utilization of open-source GIS software (MapWindow) (2) user profiles to allow multiple users to run individual simulations using separate sites (3) integration of the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) AERMOD air-dispersion model for modeling near- field (less than 50 km) releases, including an option to use a formulation for near-field deposition derived from new work by the Desert Research Institute; and (4) updates to the dust source-term module for military vehicles to include additional vehicle and soil types, as well as enhanced formulations for particle deposition. The project was funded by DoD’s Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). DUSTRAN V2.0 includes widely used, scientifically defensible atmospheric dispersion models and model components that are coupled with state-of-science dust-emission formulations in one, easy-to-use interface. The DUSTRAN modeling platform is built on the MapWindow open-source GIS software, and includes the EPA-approved AERMOD and CALPUFF dispersion models for modeling active-source dust emissions, as well as the CALGRID dispersion model for modeling wind-blown dust from large areas. DUSTRAN includes the necessary terrain and meteorological preprocessors that are required to run the dispersion models. Execution and data transfer between the preprocessors and dispersion models is managed automatically by the interface at runtime. DUSTRAN also includes dust-emission modules for generating source terms from both tracked and wheeled military vehicle activities as well as wind-blown dust generation from larger areas. The primary features of DUSTRAN include: A modeling domain that is graphically specified and size-selectable (20 km to 400 km). Dispersion models for treating near-field (AERMOD) and far-field (CALPUFF) dispersion from active emission sources and a gridded dispersion model (CALGRID) for modeling passive, wind- blown dust emissions from large areas. An “Add Site” utility for creating new modeling sites and the supporting files and data structure needed for a simulation. Easily specified single- or multi-station meteorology. Multiple point, area, and line sources created graphically within a scenario. Easily specified simulation and release times (typically a few hours to a few days) within the user interface. Resulting concentrations and deposition contours that are viewable within the GIS interface and can be animated to view the time-progression of the plume. Simulations of multiple particle sizes and gaseous species in a single run. Treatment of dry deposition as well as complex terrain effects. This manual documents DUSTRAN V2.0 and includes installation instructions, a description of the modeling system, and detailed example tutorials. iii Acknowledgments This research was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Defense through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP Project RC–1729) under a Related Services Agreement with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for DOE by Battelle. Dr. Jack Gillies of Desert Research Institute (DRI) provided emission-factor data for wheeled military vehicles as well as new observations of deposition velocity incorporated into DUSTRAN as part of this project. The emission factors were developed under a previous Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program project (CP-1191) with DRI. Dr. John Hall, the SERDP program manager, provided valuable guidance and support during all phases of the development of DUSTRAN. v Acronyms and Abbreviations AMS American Meteorological Society AERMAP AMS/EPA MAPping program AERMET AMS/EPA METeorological model AERMOD AMS/EPA Regulatory Model CALGRID CALifornia photochemical GRID model CALMET CALifornia METeorological model CALPOST CALifornia POST-processing program CALPUFF CALifornia PUFF model CST Central Standard Time DEM digital elevation model DoD U.S. Department of Defense DOE U.S. Department of Energy DRI Desert Research Institute DUSTRAN DUST TRANsport EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ESRI Environmental System Research Institute EST Eastern Standard Time FSL Forecast Systems Laboratory GIS geographic information system GLCC global land-cover characteristics M-O Monin-Obukhov (similarity theory) MST Mountain Standard Time NARCS number of arc distances NOAA National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration NWS National Weather Service NTC National Training Center OWE Olson World Ecosystem (database) PGEMS Pacific Gas and Electric Modeling System PGT Pasquill-Gifford-Turner specifications PM particulate matter PNNL Pacific Northwest National Laboratory PST Pacific Standard Time SERDP Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program USGS U.S. Geological Survey UTM Universal Transverse Mercator vii Contents Summary ...................................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................................... v Acronyms and Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... vii 1.0 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1.1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................... 1.1 1.2 Features ..................................................................................................................................... 1.2 2.0 Technical Overview of the DUSTRAN Modeling System ............................................................... 2.1 2.1 AERMOD Modeling System .................................................................................................... 2.3 2.1.1 AERMET ....................................................................................................................... 2.3 2.1.2 AERMAP ....................................................................................................................... 2.5 2.1.3 AERMOD....................................................................................................................... 2.5 2.2 CALPUFF/CALGRID Modeling Systems ................................................................................ 2.8 2.2.1 CALMET ....................................................................................................................... 2.8 2.2.2 CALPUFF .................................................................................................................... 2.12 2.2.3 CALGRID .................................................................................................................... 2.15 2.2.4 CALPOST .................................................................................................................... 2.16 2.3 Dust-Emission Modules .......................................................................................................... 2.16 2.3.1 Emission by Vehicular Activity ................................................................................... 2.16 2.3.2 Windblown Dust .......................................................................................................... 2.18 3.0 DUSTRAN Installation Instructions.................................................................................................. 3.1 3.1 Installing DUSTRAN ................................................................................................................ 3.1 3.2 Installing DUSTRAN and Setting Up Access to DUSTRAN from Within MapWindow. ....... 3.1 4.0 DUSTRAN User Interface ................................................................................................................. 4.1 4.1 Starting DUSTRAN and Loading a Site ................................................................................... 4.1 4.2 Domain Panel ............................................................................................................................ 4.1 4.2.1 Creating a New Domain ................................................................................................