JERG-2-211A DESIGN STANDARD SPACECRAFT CHARGING AND DISCHARGING May 10, 2012 Revision A Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency JERG-2-211A This is an English translation of JREG-2-211A. Whenever there is anything ambiguous in this document, the original document (the Japanese version) shall be used to clarify the intent of the requirement. Disclaimer The information contained herein is for general informational purposes only. JAXA makes no warranty, express or implied, including as to the accuracy, usefulness or timeliness of any information herein. JAXA will not be liable for any losses relating to the use of the information. Published by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Safety and Mission Assurance Department 2-1-1 Sengen Tsukuba-shi,Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan JERG-2-211A － Contents － 1. Purpose and Scope of Application .............................................................................................. 1 2. Related Documents ....................................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Applicable documents .................................................................................................................. 2 2.2 References ................................................................................................................................... 2 3. Terminology, Definition, and Abbreviation ..................................................................................... 3 3.1 Terminology and definition .............................................................................................................. 3 3.1.1 Aurora zone .......................................................................................................................... 3 3.1.2 Radiation dose ..................................................................................................................... 3 3.1.3 Wake..................................................................................................................................... 3 3.1.4 Electrostatic breakdown ....................................................................................................... 3 3.1.5 Electrostatic discharge ......................................................................................................... 3 3.1.6 Internal charging ................................................................................................................... 3 3.1.7 Ion engine ............................................................................................................................. 3 3.1.8 L-shell ................................................................................................................................... 3 3.1.9 Outgassing rate .................................................................................................................... 3 3.1.10 Plasma................................................................................................................................ 3 3.1.11 Radiation ............................................................................................................................. 3 3.1.12 Radiation belt ...................................................................................................................... 3 3.1.13 Ram .................................................................................................................................... 3 3.1.14 Surface charging ................................................................................................................ 4 3.1.15 Tether .................................................................................................................................. 4 3.1.16 Thruster .............................................................................................................................. 4 3.1.17 High-energy electron .......................................................................................................... 4 3.1.18 Sputtering ........................................................................................................................... 4 3.1.19 Precipitating electron .......................................................................................................... 4 3.1.20 Differential voltage .............................................................................................................. 4 3.1.21 Inverted potential gradient .................................................................................................. 4 3.1.22 Normal potential gradient ................................................................................................... 4 3.1.23 Primary discharge .............................................................................................................. 4 3.1.24 Primary arc ......................................................................................................................... 4 3.1.25 Secondary arc .................................................................................................................... 4 3.1.26 Non-sustained discharge ................................................................................................... 4 3.1.27 Temporary sustained discharge ......................................................................................... 5 3.1.28 Permanent sustained discharge......................................................................................... 5 3.1.29 Paschen discharge ............................................................................................................. 5 3.1.30 Insulator .............................................................................................................................. 5 3.1.31 High-resistance material ..................................................................................................... 5 3.1.32 Dielectric ........................................................................................................................... 5 3.2 Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................. 5 4. General Requirements ...................................................................................................................... 7 4.1 Principle ........................................................................................................................................ 7 4.2 Surface materials ......................................................................................................................... 7 4.3 Spacecraft for plasma measurement ........................................................................................... 7 4.4 Solar array panel .......................................................................................................................... 7 4.5 High-voltage system ..................................................................................................................... 7 4.6 Internal parts and materials .......................................................................................................... 7 4.7 Tether ........................................................................................................................................... 8 4.8 Electrical propulsion ..................................................................................................................... 8 5. Design Requirements and Design Means ...................................................................................... 9 5.1 Principle ........................................................................................................................................ 9 5.1.1 Program planning ................................................................................................................. 9 5.2 Spacecraft surface ..................................................................................................................... 13 5.2.1 Explanatory comments and Applicability ............................................................................ 13 5.2.2 Basic design requirements ............................................................................................. 13 5.2.3 Conductivity of structural bodies and mechanisms ............................................................ 13 5.2.4 Conductivity of the surface of a spacecraft ........................................................................ 14 i JERG-2-211A 5.2.5 Materials: Electric conductors ............................................................................................ 14 5.2.6 Materials: High-resistance materials .................................................................................. 15 5.2.7 Thermal blanket .................................................................................................................. 16 5.2.8 Conductive coating ............................................................................................................. 16 5.2.9 Intentional electrical potential ............................................................................................. 16 5.2.10 Preventive measures for charged sections ...................................................................... 17 5.3 Satellites for plasma measurement ........................................................................................... 17