University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies Hispanic Studies 2016 Blancura Situacional e Imperio Español en su Historia, Cine y Literatura (s.XIX-XX) Jose Maria Perez Sanchez University of Kentucky, [email protected] Author ORCID Identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6235-5881 Digital Object Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.13023/ETD.2016.102 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Perez Sanchez, Jose Maria, "Blancura Situacional e Imperio Español en su Historia, Cine y Literatura (s.XIX-XX)" (2016). Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies. 26. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/hisp_etds/26 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Hispanic Studies at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless an embargo applies. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of my work. I understand that I am free to register the copyright to my work. REVIEW, APPROVAL AND ACCEPTANCE The document mentioned above has been reviewed and accepted by the student’s advisor, on behalf of the advisory committee, and by the Director of Graduate Studies (DGS), on behalf of the program; we verify that this is the final, approved version of the student’s thesis including all changes required by the advisory committee. The undersigned agree to abide by the statements above. Jose Maria Perez Sanchez, Student Dr. Susan Larson, Major Professor Dr. Moises del Castillo, Director of Graduate Studies BLANCURA SITUACIONAL E IMPERIO ESPAÑOL EN SU HISTORIA, CINE Y LITERATURA (S. XIX-XX) ____________________________________ DISSERTATION ____________________________________ A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Kentucky By Dr. José María Pérez Sánchez Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. Susan Larson, Professor of Hispanic Studies Lexington, Kentucky 2016 Copyright © José María Pérez Sánchez 2016 (JM.Persánch) RESUMEN DE TESIS DOCTORAL BLANCURA SITUACIONAL E IMPERIO ESPAÑOL EN SU HISTORIA, CINE Y LITERATURA (S. XIX-XX) Esta tesis estudia la formación de la identidad y la raza informada por la disciplina Estudios de la blancura. Como tal, la tesis conceptualiza la blancura española históricamente y analiza su representación en la narrativa española de prosa y cine. Esta investigación responde a dos preguntas: 1) ¿Cómo ha instrumentalizado la cultura española la negritud contribuyendo a la creación del concepto de blancura occidental? 2) ¿Qué dice la representación española del Imperio sobre su blancura? En un esfuerzo por responder a estas preguntas, este estudio se divide en dos partes que se corresponden con la conceptualización y representación de lo que se denominan ‘blancura situacional’ y ‘orientalismo imperial español’. Arguyo que ambos aspectos son el resultado de una excepcionalidad diferencial española basada en prácticas culturales orientalistas de asimilación táctica, por medio de las cuales se subsume la experiencia del negro a los márgenes como una parte de la blancura española. Para probar esta hipótesis, conceptualizo la blancura española con el propósito de explorar las estrategias de asimilación táctica del orientalismo español (hispanismo, arabismo, africanismo, hispanotropicalismo) hacia sus antiguas colonias en Hispanoamérica y África. Además, contrasto los casos de instrumentalización de la negritud como resistencia en la noción de 'contrapunto' racial cubano de José Martí y Fernando Ortiz, y señalo el ‘particularismo’ racial de Joan Maragall y Blas Infante para informar de nociones culturales de la blancura española y su fragmentación. La segunda parte de la tesis, centra el análisis en casos menos estudiados de la representación blancura imperial española en relación con la negritud guineo-ecuatoriana y afro-cubana. El propósito general de esta investigación es, por un lado, explicar cómo la naturaleza situacional de la blancura española está presente a través de momentos fundacionales en diversas formas de orientalismo español; y, por otro lado, informar a los estudios de la blancura desde un ángulo cultural diferente así proveyendo a la disciplina con un puente transnacional hacia elun mejor entendimento de los procesos de formación racial de la blancura, estrategias históricas y formas culturales de dominación estructural. PALABRAS CLAVE: Estudios Poscoloniales, Estudios transnacionales, Estudios de raza; Estudios de blancura; Orientalismo español, Sujeto nacional. Dr. José María Pérez Sánchez Student’s Signature April 25, 2016 Date ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION SITUATIONAL WHITENESS AND SPANISH EMPIRE IN HISTORY, FILM AND LITERATURE (NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURY) This dissertation studies identity formation and race informed by the discipline Whiteness Studies. As such this dissertation conceptualizes Spanish Whiteness historically and analyzes its representation in Spanish narrative in prose and film. This research responds to two questions: 1) How has Spanish culture historically instrumentalized Blackness in order to contribute to the creation of the Western’s conceptualization of Whiteness? 2) What does Spanish representation of Empire say about its Whiteness? In an effort to answer these questions, this study is divided into two parts that correspond to the conceptualization and representation of what are termed ‘Situational Whiteness’ and ‘Imperial Spanish Orientalism.’ I argue that both are the result of a Spanish differential exceptionalism based on Orientalist cultural practices of tactical assimilation, by means of which the Black experience is subsumed on the margins as a part of Spanish Whiteness. To prove this hypothesis, Spanish Whiteness is conceptualized for the purpose of exploring the strategies of tactical assimilation of the Spanish Orientalism (Hispanism, Arabism, Africanism, Hispanotropicalism) towards its former colonies in Latin America and Africa. In addition, the contrasting cases of instrumentalization of Blackness as resistance in José Martí and Fernando Ortiz’s notion of Cuban racial ‘counterpoint’ as well as and the racial ‘particularism’ of Joan Maragall and Blas Infante inform cultural notions of Spanish Whiteness as well as its fragmentation. In the second part of this dissertation, the analysis focuses on understudied cases of the Spanish Imperial Whiteness’s representation in relation to Equatorial Guinean and Afro-Cuban Blackness. The overall propose of this research is on the one hand, to explain how the situational nature of Spanish Whiteness is present throughout foundational moments in diverse forms of Spanish Orientalism; and, on the other hand, to inform Whiteness Studies from a different cultural angle thus providing the discipline with a transnational bridge towards a better understanding of white processes of racial formation, historical strategies and cultural forms of structural domination. KEYWORDS: Postcolonial Studies, Transnational Studies, Race Studies; Whiteness Studies, Spanish Orientalism, National Identity. Dr. José María Pérez Sánchez Student’s Signature April 25, 2016 Date BLANCURA SITUACIONAL E IMPERIO ESPAÑOL EN SU HISTORIA, CINE Y LITERATURA (S. XIX-XX) By Dr. José María Pérez Sánchez (JM.Persánch) Dr. Susan Larson Director of Dissertation Dr. Moisés del Castillo Director of Graduate Studies 4/25/2016 A Cádiz. AGRADECIMIENTOS Mi gratitud se convierte en deuda hacia mi directora Dra. Susan Larson, por creer y apoyar mi proyecto, su implicación, conseJos y compromiso. Asimismo, honrar el nombre de todos los miembros de mi Advisory Committee por su labor y experticia; y mi agradecimiento más sincero a mis padres y todos los que me han empujado a seguir adelante, con especial mención a Felicity Eleanor Flynn, por su amor incondicional. “Nada se olvida” ---Maurice Halbwachs iii ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS Agradecimientos ................................................................................................................ iii Parte I. Conceptualizando la blancura situacional española en su historia Capítulo 1: Introducción 1.1 Los estudios poscoloniales ..................................................................................1 1.2 Otra vuelta de tuerca hacia los estudios hispánicos de la blancura ...................25 Capítulo 2: Proyectos imperiales: Hispanidad, Arabismo y Africanismo 2.1 Estrategias históricas