Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1941 The Role of Estrogen in Mammary Gland Development and in Lactation. Sheppard Matthew alW ker Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Part of the Life Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Walker, Sheppard Matthew, "The Role of Estrogen in Mammary Gland Development and in Lactation." (1941). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 7841. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/7841 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MANUSCRIPT THESES Unpublished theses submitted for the master's and doctor's degrees and deposited in the Louisiana State University Library are available for inspection* Use of any thesis is limited by the rights of the author* Bibliographical references may be noted, but passages may not be copied unless the author has given permission# Credit must be given in subsequent written or published work# A library which borrows this thesis for use by its clientele is expected to make sure that the borrower is aware of the above restrictions* LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 119-a The Hole of Estrogen la M & w & r y G-la nd Development sad ia Lactation A Dissertation. Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College ia partial fmlfillmaat of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ia The Department of Zoology, Physiology and Entomology By Sheppard M. talker A* Um9 Western Kentucky Teachers College, 1933 1 9 4 1 UMI Number: DP69219 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI' Dissertation Publishing UMI DP69219 Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Acknowl© dgmemt The writer wishes to express his appreciation for the helpful suggestions and criticisms given by Professor Allan ?• Stanley, under whose direction this study was carried out, and for valuable advice and materials given by Professor W* H. Oates* Head of the Department of Zoology, Physiology and Ifetomology* g o a t * L S 3 0 < l s U / q f f ,,.;70fe£ c, a Table of Contents page I. Acknowledgment .......... ii XX . XI at of Tables ...... ........ ........ iv XXX• List of Figures................ ............ *. v IT. Abstract................. c ......... vil V. Introduction ......... ............... 1 VI • Materials and Methods ....... 11 VII. Effect of Cattle Pituitary on the Mammary Glands of Dairy Calves. • 14 VIII. Effect of Cattle Pituitary and Dlethylstilbefr* trol Dipropionate on the Mammary Gland of a Barren Jersey Heifer .... 16 IX. Effect of Diethylstilbestrol Dipropionate and Testosterone Propionate on the Mammary Gland of a Castrate Grade JerseyHeifer..... ........ SI X. Effect of Diethylstilbestrol Biproplomte # Testosterone Propionate and Progesterone on the Mammary Glands of Goats... ........... 26 XI. Effect of Diethylstilbestrol Dipropionate on Lactation in Bats ••*•...• 30 XIX. Discussion.......... 36 H U . Summary......................... ............ 47 XIV. Conclusions.......... 62 XV. Literature Cited......... 53 XVI. Explanation of Figures......... .. ... 57 XVII. Appendix.......... 64 XVIII. Biography....... ...... 69 ill List of Tables Table 1* The Response of the Mammary Glaa&s of Female Dairy Calves to Pituitary Treatment ...... 15 Table 2* The Response of the Mammary Gland of a Barren Jersey Heifer to Pituitary and Estro­ gen Treatment.......... 17 Table 3. The Response of the Mammary Gland of a Castrate Grade Heifer to Estrogen and Andro­ gen Treatment over a Prolonged period,........ 22 Table 4. The Response of Castrate Female Kids to Kstrogen9 Androgen and Progesterone Treat­ ment over a Prolonged Period........ 28 Table 5. The Average Growth Rate of Sucklings of Non­ east rate Rats Injected with Methyls til bes- trol Diprop Iona te ........ 32 Table 6. The Average Growth Rate of Suckling Rats of Castrate Mothers Injected with Diethylstil­ bestrol Dipropionate....... 33 Table 7. The Effect of Diethylstilbestrol Dipropionate on Lactating Female Rats. ....... .35 iv List of Figures page Figure X. A Graph Showing the Amount of Lactation and the Percentages of Fat and Solids- not-fat of a Barren Jersey Heifer* 57 Figure S. A Graph Showing the Amount of Lactation and the Percentage of Fat of a Castrate Grade Jersey Heifer. ...... 57 Figure 5. A Graph Showing the Growth Bate of Suck- ling Bats Whose Mothers Were Left Intact and Injected with Diethylstilbestrol Di propionate...... *.................... 57 Figure 4. A Graph Showing the Growth Bate or Suck­ ling Rats Whose Mothers Were Castrated at Parturition and Injected with Diethylstil­ bestrol Dipropionate .... 57 Figure 5. A Photograph of the Udder of a 5.5 Month Old Jersey Calf before Pituitary Injection Was Begun. .... 58 Figure 8. A Photograph of the Udder Shown in Figure 5 after the Calf Was Given 2.8 Grams of Acetone Dried Anterior Lobe of Cattle Pituitary............ 58 Figure 7. A Photograph of the Udder of a 6.5 Month Old Jersey Calf before Pituitary Injection Was Begun. .... 58 Figure 8. A Photograph of the Udder Shown in Figure 7 after the Calf .as Given 2.6 Grams of Acetone Dried Anterior Lobe of Cattle Pituitary. ...... 58 Figure 9. A Photograph of the Udder of a 6.5 Month Old Holstein Calf before Pituitary Injection Was Begun...... 59 Figure 10. A Photograph of the Udder Shown in Figure 9 after the Calf Was Given 3.4 Grams of Acetone Dried Anterior Lob© of Cattle Pituitary................................. 59 v List of figures {cont*d) figure II. A Photograph of a 51 Month Old Barren Jersey Heifer Which Vlas Taken on th© Thirty- fifth Day or the Second Lactation Period .... 60 Figure 12, A Photograph of the Odder of the Barren Jersey Heifer after Injection of Cattle Pituitary and Diethylstilbestrol DIpro- pionate at the Beginning of the First Lacta­ tion Period...... ..... ....... 60 Figure 13. A Photograph of the Odder of the Barren Jersey Heifer Showing the Beduction in Size after Miking Was Stopped............ 61 Figure 14. A Photograph of the Udder of the Barren Jersey Heifer after Injection of Diethyl- stiloestrol Dipropionate............. 61 Figure 15. A Photograph of a 34 Month Old Castrate Grade Jersey Heifer Seven Months After Milking Was Begun........ *........62 Figure 16. A Photograph of the Udder of t2h© 22 Month Old Castrate Grade Jersey Heifer before Injection of Diethylstilbestrol Dipro- pionate Was Begun...................... 62 Figure 17. A Photograph of the Udder of the Castrate Heifer after Five Months of Injection with Diethylstilbestrol Dipropionat© and Testos­ terone Propionate. .... 62 Figure 18. A Photograph of the Udder of the Castrate Heifer after M n e Months of Injection with Diethylstilbestrol Dipropionat© and Testos­ terone Propionate. ........ 63 Figure 19. A Photograph of the Udder of the Castrate Heifer after Two Months of Lactation..... Figure ED. A Photograph of the Udder of the Castrate Heifer after Injection of Diethylstilbes- troi Dipropionat®. The Photograph was Taken during the Fifth Month of Lactation... 63 vi Abstract Acetone dried powder of anterior lobe of cattle pitui­ tary, containing 50 H. 0. of gonadotropic potency per ga*# was given to 3 dairy calves over a period of 19 days* The total dosages given were: 3.4 ga, to a 3*5 month old Jersey, 5 gm* to a 6*5 month old Jersey and 7.E gm. to a 6.5 month old Holstein* Slight :mammary gland enlargement was observed in the 6*5 month old Jersey calf* Wo apparent udder enlarge­ ment occurred in the other £ calves* A total of 18 mg. of the same pituitary preparation was given to a 34 month old barren Jersey heifer over a period of 17 days* Bo apparent mammary gland enlargement occurred, but 4 large corpora lutea were found by rectal palpation ZB days after the last injection* Milking was begun 6 days after the first inject!cm* The daily milk volume was 0.41 lb. at the time injection with the synthetic estrogen, diethyl­ stilbestrol dipropionate, was begun. Subsequent treatment of this animal with 10 alternate daily b mg. injections of diethylstilbestrol dipropionat© was followed by rapid udder enlargement and an increase in milk volume to 4*5 lb. During the lE-day period that followed thmtlast injection of this estrogen the daily milk volume increased to 11*5 lb. Lactation continued at a level of IE lb. per day with a fat content of 7 per cent until the heifer was dried off 3 months after the last injection. vii Another experiment with this animal was begun in order to determine the extent of mammary development that could b® obtained by injections of diethylstilbestrol dipropionat© alone* Alternate daily 5 mg* injections of this hormone were begun 130 days after the end of the first lactation period * The animal came in heat but no mammary gland enlargement occurred* Doses were increased to 10 mg. after the twenty- third injection and continued at this level for 80 days* Two days after the first 10 mg* injection heat reaction© ceased and slight udder enlargement followed during the next 10 days* Then the udder increased in size rapidly for a period of 10 days. After this short period of rapid enlargement the udder became flaccid and showed no further increase in size* When B0 mg* injections were begun in 3 alternate dally doses the udder remained flaccid* Milking was begun, roar­ ing the first 25 days of lactation milk volume increased from 0*41 lb.