MIRPUR PAPERS Chief Patron Major General Md Enayet Ullah, BSP, ndu, psc Editorial Board Editor : Group Captain A K M Shafiul Azam, psc, GD (P) Assistant Editors : Lieutenant Colonel Md Shafiqul Hossain, SPP, psc : Commander A B M Faisal Haider Chawdhury, (G), PPM, psc, BN : Wing Commander Md Manirul Islam, fawc, psc, GD(P) Co-ordinator : Major Md Mizanur Rahaman, AEC Advisor : Professor Dr. Md Tawfiqul Haider Former Editor, The Dhaka University Studies Correspondence: The Editor Mirpur Papers Defence Services Command and Staff College Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka – 1216, Bangladesh Telephone: 88-02-8031111 Fax: 88-02-9011450 E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © 2018 DSCSC ISSN 1023 – 6325 Published by Defence Services Command and Staff College Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka – 1216, Bangladesh Printed by Army Printing Press 168 Zia Colony Dhaka Cantonment, Dhaka-1206, Bangladesh ii Message from the Chief Patron I feel extremely happy to see the publication of the research journal Mirpur Papers Volume-24, Issue Number-28 of Defence Services Command & Staff College, Mirpur. Mirpur Papers bears the testimony of the intellectual outfit of the course participants of Armed Forces of different countries around the globe. Besides the course participants, faculty members also share their knowledge and experiences on national and international military activities through their writings in Mirpur Papers. Defence Services Command and Staff College, Mirpur is the premier military institution which is designed to develop the professional knowledge and understanding of selected officers of the Armed Forces in order to prepare them for the assumption of increasing responsibilities both in staff and command appointment. Besides military matters, the course participants also undertake research works as part of their Masters of Science in Military Studies Programme under Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP). This institution is publishing Mirpur Papers since 1978. Over the years, Mirpur Papers could draw appreciation from learned readers due to its rich contents. This publication of DSCSC contains the research works of Course 2017-18. DSCSC always emphasizes on conducting research on contemporary issues on national security and defence. This enables the mid-level officers to make an original contribution to a subject of national or international interest. I believe the readers will find the articles useful and intellectually stimulating. Finally, I take this opportunity to congratulate and commend the editorial board, all contributors, reviewers and all others involved in the process of the publication of this journal. Major General Md Enayet Ullah, BSP, ndu, psc Commandant Defence Service Command and Staff College iii EDITORIAL Every year the Defence Services Command and Staff College, Mirpur, Bangladesh publishes a professional research journal namely MIRPUR PAPER. This journal is a fine blend of articles written by the student officers that present institutional, national, regional and international issues. The articles are basically the abridged versions of the original dissertation papers that the students submit as a part of the Masters of Science in Defence Studies Program under Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP). The contributions of the faculty members are also significant as they supervised the research work throughout the course. In addition to the articles of the students, the faculty members also shared their valuable knowledge through their writings in this journal. The first article of this issue is ‘Revisiting Soldiers Ration Scale in Pursuance of Look-Fit Philosophy: Analysis and Way Ahead.’ This paper seeks to identify the impact of Present Ration Scale on physical signature of ‘Look-fit’ philosophy among the soldiers of Bangladesh Army. Initially, the attributes of physical signatures of ‘Look-fit’ philosophy were identified. Then, prevalent condition of those physical signatures among soldiers followed by causes of declination was brought out. Thereafter, contribution of Present Ration Scale on physical signatures of ‘Look- fit’ was ascertained. However, Analysis on the ration scale of some neighboring Armies further reinforced these findings. Finally, the impact of Present Ration Scale on ‘Look-fit’ of soldiers was determined. At the end, an implementable strategy was outlined. The second article is on ‘Induction of Modern Equipment in the Bangladesh Army: Challenges of Leadership and Management in Field Workshop Company.’ This researcher seeks to identify the effect of “Managerial Leadership for mitigating challenges emanated due to the induction of modern equipment.” A mixed method of qualitative and quantitative analysis coupled with expert interviews and focused group discussions were used. Initially, prevailing leadership style of the EME Field workshop coy where analyzed by extensive research using surveys. Then, challenges and expectations were identified, followed by an analysis to see how far the expected leadership can deal with the perceived challenges. Finally, the impact of Managerial Leadership on OCs' performance was determined. Thus, researcher proved the hypothesis: “Managerial leadership is a prime requirement for Field workshop coy to meet the challenges emanated due to induction of modern equipment in the Bangladesh Army.” The third article of this issue is on ‘Working Wives and Its Impacts on Military Life of Bangladesh Army.’ The dual-career families of our army have been trying at their ends to keep the negative effects associated with serving couple at its bay. However, it is felt that, many a times they are struggling to resolve the issues as expected. Hence, the researcher attempted to identify the extent of negative impacts of the employment of the officers’ wives on the military life and tried to determine the need of organizational measures to mitigate the challenges. The research was carried out through a mixed method of qualitative and quantitative analysis. Various tools such as survey, expert’s interview, case study, focus group discussion, document study and researcher’s own experience were brought into effect in this research. Thereby, researcher validated the hypothesis: ‘Pragmatic organizational endeavors will reduce the negative effects of working wives on the military life.’ ‘Attain Moderate Manufacturing Capabilities: Feasible Venture to Curb Foreign Dependency on Armored Vehicle Maintenance’ is the fourth article. This research seeks to identify the underneath causes of foreign dependency in order to frame out plausible ventures to solve the limitations through appropriate Macro Engineering Venture (MEV). The Research focused endeavors to prove the hypothesis by finding out association between curbing foreign dependency and attainment of Moderate Manufacturing Capabilities (MMC). The study followed Mixed- Method iv Study design. The hypothesis was validated by statistically proving that MMC through MEV will curb the vicious cycle of foreign dependency for AFV. Through the extensive study of the research, it is quite evident that the 902 Central Workshop is the hub of all effort, a technological center of gravity when it comes to the maintenance of armoured vehicles. It is an unpleasant fact that, the workshop falls short of what is needed. As such, the research proved that the MEV is the sole option left to attain MMC in order to curb this vicious cycle of foreign dependency. ‘Impact of Violent Conflicts on Economic Growth in Nigeria: Lessons for Bangladesh’ is the fifth article. This study evaluates the Impact of Violent Conflicts on Economic Growth in Nigeria, and draws lessons for Bangladesh. Four questions were raised and reformulated as objectives of the study. They include evaluating the impact of violent conflicts on economic growth in Nigeria, as well as examining the impacts of government expenditures on defence (DEFEX) and on Internal Security (EXIS) on economic growth in Nigeria. To achieve the study objectives, annual time series data, spanning 2001 to 2015, on the variables of the study (Real Gross Domestic Product [RGDP], DFEX, EXIS, Religious Violence [RLGV] scores and Ethnic Violence scores [ETHV]) were collected from publications of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Integrated Network for Societal Conflict Research (INSCR). Descriptive and multiple regression analyses were used to analyze the data. The results of the regression show that DEFEX has a stronger positive impact on RGDP compared to EXIS, while RLGV negatively impacted on RGDP than ETHV. Based on the findings, it is recommended that policy-makers should integrate conflict-lessening measures in policy designs. Such measures may include dialogue among conflicting groups to resolve their differences through a formal process. Government should further increase DEFEX and EXIS to adequately equip security network in the country to respond to conflict situations, as well as ensure job creation and equitable income distribution. The sixth article of this issue is ‘Relationship between Disturbed Conjugal Life and Rise of Moral Turpitude Cases in Bangladesh Army.’ Bangladesh Army is considered as one of the most disciplined forces due to strong focus on the castigation in the professional life as well as social life of the staffs. With the increase of the social networks, technological advancements and change in social structures, there has been increasing intricacies in the families of Bangladesh Army personnel. This research on the topic ‘Relationship between Disturbed Conjugal Life and Rise of