HYDROCHEMISTRY OF GROUND WATER IN AND AROUND CUDDALORE DISTRICT TAMIL NADU, INDIA K.Sivakumar1*, A. Murugesan2, Rajesh Babu3, A.Ramu4 *1Research and Development Center, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India 2 Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College, Ariyalur, India 3Research Department of Chemistry, Indira Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pandur, India 4School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India Abstract seepage from effluent bearing water body8 etc... The present work has been carried out to The study of quality of water body alone is not study the groundwater quality in Cuddalore sufficient to solve the problems of water district, sixty two groundwater samples were management, because its uses for various collected in year 2017. The Hydro-chemical purpose depends on its quality. Hence the hydro parameters analysed were based on their chemical characters of ground water in different clinical significance. Parameters like pH, aquifers over space and time have proven to be Electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solids, important in solving the problems9-13. To identify Total hardness, COD, Calcium, Magnesium, the ground water contamination various water Sodium, Potassium, Carbonate, Bicarbonate, samples were collected from different parts of Chloride, nitrate, and sulphate were analysed Cuddalore district and analysed to get various using standard methods. Based on the TDS parameters pH, Electrical conductivity, Total classification87% of samples are fresh water dissolved solids, Total hardness, Calcium, type and 18% of samples are saline water Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, type, based on the EC classification, 14 Carbonate, bicarbonate, Nitrate, sulphate and samples are not permissible in drinking COD. The obtained values were compared with purpose and 5 ground water Samples are WHO and CMR hazardous in nature. Based on the water 2. Methodology quality index most of samples are unsuitable A total of 62 ground water samples were for drinking purpose. collected in 186 place of Cuddalore district Key Words: Water quality, Groundwater during post monsoon 2017. The ground water classification, Hydro-chemical, Cuddalore samples were collected after 10 minutes of district. pumping and stored in washed polyethylene H 1. Introduction bottles. EC and p measured in the field by using The usage of ground water increases day by day portable water TDS were measured by for the various purposes, but ground water evaporation methods. The volumetric titration qualities are affected by sewage water disposal methods used to determine the total hardness, and industries. Now- a- days the level of chloride, and alkalinity. Sodium and Potassium groundwater has gone at least 250-500 m depth was analysed using flame photometer. Sulphate for good water quality1-5. Generally ground and nitrate were measured by using UV visible water is considered as a source of safe drinking spectrometer. EDTA complexometric titration water6. Ground water is contaminated in so many method used to determine the Calcium, and ways such as use of fertilizer in farming7, Magnesium. Heavy metals were analysed by using AAS ISSN (PRINT): 2393-8374, (ONLINE): 2394-0697, VOLUME-5, ISSUE-5, 2018 55 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR) 8. 35 13 18 Table-1: Location of sample site S9 Veppur 2 90 90 5 Sam Sample p EC TD T 8. 30 13 ple 50 Code location H S H S10 Sirupakkam 9 80 60 7. 39 17 29 8. 12 60 18 NI Cuddalore OT 3 70 10 0 S11 Tholudur 1 40 6 0 8. 38 19 8. 13 66 16 65 N2 Cuddalore NT 1 9 7 S12 Tittakudi 3 59 7 0 7. 59 30 8. 13 65 16 90 N3 Ramapuram 3 7 0 S13 Avinangudi 2 01 1 0 8. 12 60 16 7. 12 62 17 N4 Karaikadu 1 19 9 0 S14 Pennadam 9 87 4 0 7. 87 41 7. 75 39 12 Karuveppilank 80 N5 Kumara puram 7 6 1 5 S15 uruchi 7 7 7 8. 15 76 11 7. 10 51 17 N6 Alappakkam 1 90 7 0 S16 Sri mushnam 4 52 6 0 7. 59 29 8. 11 55 22 80 N7 Vadalur 7 4 6 C1 Nellikuppam 4 67 1 5 8 13 67 18 8. 10 53 10 N8 Kurinjipadi 16 5 0 C2 Paloor 2 63 7 0 8. 15 73 7. 11 58 13 75 N9 Kullanchavadi 8 73 3 0 C3 Panruti 3 37 7 Manthara 7. 99 49 12 8. 89 44 11 N10 kuppam 9 4 9 5 C4 Annagramam 2 3 6 0 8. 45 22 8. 10 55 10 90 Melpattam NI1 U.Mangalam 0 7 1 C5 pakkam 3 82 3 5 7. 14 75 7. 13 66 14 Muthandi 30 NI2 Vriddhachalam 8 09 4 5 C6 kuppam 8 0 7. 22 11 7. 12 64 20 30 NI3 Erumanur 8 98 9 0 C7 Kattukudalur 7 2 4 7. 26 13 8. 96 48 10 55 NI4 Paravalur 4 0 7 0 C8 Kotteri 9 0 6 8. 23 10 7. 14 72 27 25 NI5 A.Chithur 7 10 80 C9 Aladi 5 57 7 0 7. 17 86 Thiruvandhipu 7. 13 67 23 40 NI6 ram 8 31 5 5 C10 Palakollai 6 0 8. 10 53 7. 24 10 35 85 S1 Orathur 3 56 1 C11 Mathur 7 10 80 5 8. 73 36 8. 15 77 14 90 S2 Sethiyathoppu 1 0 8 C12 Mangalampet 2 87 5 5 8. 81 41 7. 17 82 14 85 S3 Dharma nallur 8 47 3 0 C13 M.Parur 3 8 3 8. 11 57 12 8. 11 57 12 S4 Kammapuram 1 43 7 0 C14 Pudhupet 2 24 1 5 8. 77 38 10 8. 10 54 19 S5 Ko.Athanur 0 7 7 0 C15 Redichavadi 0 86 2 0 8. 72 36 8. 19 85 11 Thokkamnam 85 S6 Vilangattur 5 00 9 5 C16 pakkam 4 2 5 7. 46 23 7. 37 15 70 Pudhuchatthira 80 S7 Naraiyur 3 90 20 0 W1 m 9 3 0 7. 72 24 82 8. 10 53 14 S8 Nallur 9 60 50 5 W2 Kothattai 0 25 0 5 ISSN (PRINT): 2393-8374, (ONLINE): 2394-0697, VOLUME-5, ISSUE-5, 2018 56 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR) 7. 15 73 17 4. Result and discussion W3 Parangipettai 8 74 7 0 Ground water quality is important to understand 7. 99 43 the suitability for drinking, agricultural, and 95 W4 Vilayanallur 9 4 6 industrial Purpose. Table-1 Shows various 7. 22 10 15 Physical and chemical Parameters including W5 Killai 9 10 70 0 statistical data such as maximum, minimum, 8. 19 94 14 average and standard deviation analyzed in W6 Bhuvanagiri 3 52 2 0 ground water samples from the study area. 7. 21 10 According to World Health Organization Two 95 W7 Manampadi 9 10 10 samples (N15 and S10) are above the allowable 8. 21 10 18 Limits of pH (>8.5), Four Samples (N1, S7, S8 W8 Chidambaram 2 60 80 0 and S9) are electrical conductivity (>3125), Three Samples (N1, S7 and S8) are TDS Annamalainag 7. 17 89 22 W9 ar 7 67 5 0 (>1500), 27 samples are above allowable limit of 8. 19 92 11 potassium and above the allowable limit of W10 Komaratchi 3 13 4 5 sodium in Two Samples. 12 62 17 7. 59 5 Table-2: Descriptive statistics of Kattumannar 5 W11 koil 6 groundwater samples in Cuddalore district 7. 91 46 15 Parameters Minimum Maximum Average SD W12 Sozhatharam 6 7 0 0 pH 7.3 8.9 7.8 0.34 7. 95 47 11 EC 140 7260 1447 1102 W13 Pannalur 3 9 9 0 TH 25 825 152 129 8. 22 11 15 TDS 75 2450 674 410.8 W14 Lalpuram 4 60 20 0 COD 7.8 194 60 41.6 50.6 CO3 0 320 33.7 3. Study Area HCO3 20 4150 247.6 524.1 The study area viz., Cuddalore district lies on Cl 13.8 1198.7 189.0 188.1 East Coast of Southern India, bounded on the SO4 4.8 82.4 34.5 17.0 North by Villupuram district, on the East by Bay 15.5 NO3 1.4 62.4 20.9 of Bengal, and on the West by Perambalur Ca 4 146 26 22.6 district, and lie between latitude 110 75´ North Mg 1.2 179 21.2 24.4 and longitude 790 75´ East. It has an average Na 9.2 456.4 74.6 68.4 elevation of 6M (20Ft). The land is completely 8.1 flat with large deposits of black and alluvial soil K 0.4 28.8 9.9 inland and coarse sand near the seashore. The 14 district has an area of 3564 km2. The district is Based on the TDS classification 87% of drained by Gadilam and Pennaiyar River in the samples are fresh water type (<1000mg/l) and North, Vellar and Kollidam River in South. 18% of samples (N1, N15, S7, S8, S9, S10, C11, According to 2011 census, Cuddalore district had W4, W7, W8 and W14) are saline water type, a population of 2605914. The normal annual where 30 samples (N4, N6, N8, N9, N12, N13, rainfall over the district varies from about 1050 N16, S1,S3,S4,S6, S11, S12,S13, mm to about 1400 mm. The average annual S14,S16,C1,C2, C3,C5, C9, C12, C14, C15, W2, temperature is 28.20C. The map of study area has W3, W6, W9, W10 and W11) are permissible been shown in figure 1 for drinking (500-1000mg/l) and 11 samples (N1, N15, S7, S8, S9, S10, C11, W4, W7, W8, W13and W14) are useful for irrigation15 (1000- 3000mg/l).In the study area EC value range from 140 to 7260 µs/cm with average 1447,based on the EC classification, 41ground water sample are permissible for drinking purpose (<1500 µs/cm), 14 samples (N6, N15, Fig 1: Map of study area and sampling S6, C3, C11, C12, W3, W4, W6, W7, W8, W9, locations W10 and W14) are not permissible for drinking ISSN (PRINT): 2393-8374, (ONLINE): 2394-0697, VOLUME-5, ISSUE-5, 2018 57 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR) purpose(1500-3000 µs/cm) and 5 ground water Table-5: Groundwater classification based Samples( N1, S7,S8, S9 and S10) are hazardous on Hardness in nature (>3000 µs/cm).