PURINE METABOLISM CH O-P CH O-P CH O-P CH O-P NH NH NH NH 2 2 2 2 H C 2 H C HC O H O H O O NHCOCH NH 2 2 H2C NH2 2 2 Formyl- CHO CHO CH Glutamine Glutamate OC OC C C H H H H H H Glycine H H or NH H folate NH ADP N H OH H H H H 4 ATP Pi HN = NH ADP ATP AMP O-P-O-P HO H ATP ADP+P Gln H O Glu H N 2 PP H folate 2 ATP Pi 2 OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH Ribose-P 4 Ribose-P Ribose-P Ribose-P 5-P-ribose 5-P-ribosyl- 5-P-Ribosylamine N1-(5-P-ribosyl)glycinamide N2-formyl-N1-(5-P-ribosyl) 2-(formamido)-N1- 5-amino-1-(P-ribosyl)- 2.7.6.1 pyrophosphate 2.4.2.14 6.3.4.13 2.1.2.2 6.3.5.3 (5-P-ribosyl)acetamidine 6.3.3.1 ADP GDP AMP GTP glycinamide - imidazole (PRPP) GDP ADP ATP ATPGMP -OOCCHCH COO- -OOCCHCH COO- 2 2 O O O CO NH - - - - 2 OOCCHCH COO C HN CO OOCCHCH2COO - C NH 2 C N C NH NH NH OOC 4.1.1.21 N 2 HN H N + NH N C C H2N C 2 C C Aspartate NH3 C CH GDP CH CH Formyl- CH CH Aspartate CH ADP HC C HC C OHC C H4folate C C Pi N Pi N H O N N N ADP C N GTP N 2 N H N H N N H4folate 2 Fumarate 2 P H N H i ATP 2 Ribose-P Ribose-P Ribose-P Ribose-P Ribose-P Ribose-P CLE 4.3.2.2 CY 4.3.2.2 E Adenylosuccinate Inosine- 5-formamido-1-(5-P-ribosyl)- 5-amino-1-(5-P-ribosyl)- 5-amino-1-(5-P-ribosyl-) 5-amino-1-(5-P-ribosyl) ID P 2.1.2.3 T 3.5.4.10 6.3.2.6 O imidazole-4-carboxamide imidazole-4-(N)-[1,2-dicarboxy- imidazole-4-carboxylate E IMP imidazole-4-carboxamide L ethyl]-carboxamide C U N E RNA N I 2.7.7.6 2.7.7.6 R Fumarate TCA U CYCLE P RNA ACIDS RNA RNA n NUCLEIC n n+1 RNAn+1 DNA NH2 NH C 2.7.7.7 2.7.7.7 2 N O C N N C N C CH DNA DNA DNA C N CH HC C n n+1 DNAn+1 n HN C HC C N CH N N O N C C (P-O-)P-O-P-OCH2 H N N C PP 2 N DeoxyGTP N (P-O-)P-O-P-OCH2 ATP O Deoxy-ATP i GTP H HN C NUCLEOTIDE TRIPHOSPHATES O 2.4.2.8 CH + PRPP + + C C NADP H H NADP NADPH+H H H NADPH+H H H 2N N H H H NDP NAD+ N H NDP OH H O 1.6.4.5 H O ADP 1.6.4.5 ADP OH OH 2.7.4.6 2 C N (P-O-)P-O-P-OCH2 2.7.4.6 NTP HN C 2.7.4.6 2.7.4.6 O NTP CH -SH (S-S) NADH+H+ ATP Thioredoxin Thioredoxin ATP T C C (2SH) (S-S) H H h in H2N N H H ioredox N 1.17.4.1 NUCLEOTIDE DIPHOSPHATES Deoxy-ADP O Ribose-P-O-P OH H ADP 1.17.4.1 GDP DeoxyGDP NH C 2 N Glutamate O C HN C Glutamine N ADP C ADP N C CH N H O PPi N C 2.7.4.3 CH C C 2 2.7.4.8 H N AMP CH HC C NH + O N ATP ATP N H2O 4 H Ribose-P ATP C C C N N N H2 N Ribose-P H O Ribose-P NUCLEOTIDES 2 GMP AMP XMP 6.3.4.1 3.5.4.6 O 3.1.3.31 O O ENZYMES NH2 C C N P C C N 1.1.1.205 IMPdehydrogenase 2.7.7.7 DNA-directed DNA polymerase N H O H N i N H O H2O N C 2 C HN C 2 HN C 1.1.3.22 Xanthine oxidase 3.1.3.5 5'-Nucleotidase C C 3.1.3.31 Nucleotidase CH 3.1.3.31 H CH 3.1.3.31 H 3.1.3.31 1.6.4.5 Thioredoxin reductase E + H C C H H O C 1.6.6.8 GMP reductase 3.2.2.1 Purine nucleosidase NH SALVAGE C + C G HC C P H O 4 N C P 2 Pi N i 2 N O N i O NH4 H N N S 1.7.3.3 Urate oxidase 3.2.2.2 Inosine nucleosidase A 2 N N N H2 1.17.4.1 3.2.2.4 AMP nucleosidase V Ribose Ribose Ribose Ribose A Ribonucleoside diphosphate L L 2.1.2.2 P-ribosylglycinamide 3.2.2.7 Adenosine nucleosidase A NUCLEOSIDES ADENOSINE INOSINE XANTHOSINE GUANOSINE 3.5.1.5 Urease S 3.5.4.4 V NH Pi O 3.5.4.15 formyl-transferase reductase 3.5.3.4 Allantoicase C 2 Pi O A N P 2.4.2.1 C Pi 2.1.2.3 P-ribosylaminoimidazole 3.5.4.2 Adenine deaminase N i O N C G PPi C Ribose-1-P 2.4.2.1 HN C N carboxamide formyl 3.5.4.3 Guanine deaminase CH 2.4.2.1 C C HN C 2.4.2.1 E N Ribose-1-P CH transferase 3.5.4.4 Adenosine deaminase HC C Ribose-1-P + HN C C C CH 2.4.2.1 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase 3.5.4.6 AMP deaminase NH NH N Ribose-1-P N H2O 4 CH H2O O H O O N C C 2.4.2.7 Adenine P-ribosyl transferase 3.5.4.10 IMP cyclohydrolase PURINE BASES PRPP 2 2 2 H N N HC C H 2 N 2.4.2.8 Hypoxanthine P-ribosyl 3.5.4.15 Guanosine deaminase N H H N 3.5.4.3 transferase 4.1.1.21 P-ribosylaminoimidazole ADENINE H HYPOXANTHINE XANTHINE GUANINE 2.4.2.14 Amidophosphoribosyl transferase 4.3.2.2 Adenylosuccinate lyase 3.5.4.2 1.1.3.22 + 2.7.1.17 Ribokinase carboxylase OH OH O NH4 2.7.4.3 Adenylate kinase 6.3.2.6 P-ribosylaminoimidazolesuccino- O O H H2O NH2 O NH C 2.7.4.4 Nucleoside-phosphate kinase carboxamide synthase C H N C C N 2.7.4.6 Nucleoside-diphosphate kinase 6.3.3.1 P-ribosylformylglycinamidine- NH2 2 H2N HN C H2N CO 2.7.4.8 Guanylate kinase cyclo-ligase H2O CO 2CO2 CO C C CO 2.7.4.11 (Deoxy)adenylate kinase 6.3.4.1 GMP synthase 2H2O CHO N C C H O O C O H NH 2 2 C C 2 Ribose phosphate pyro- O NH N H H2O O N H 2H O NH 2.7.6.1 6.3.4.13 P-ribosylamine-glycine ligase 2 N H H CO O 2 O N H O phosphate kinase 2 H 2 2 2 6.3.5.3 P-ribosylformylglycinamidine + Glyoxylate H 1.1.3.22 2.7.7.6 DNA-directed RNA polymerase synthase 4NH 3.5.3.4 3.5.3.4 4 3.5.1.5. Urea Urea Allantoic acid Allantoin 1.7.3.3 URIC ACID PURINE EXCRETION Ammonia H2O2 Marine Sharks, Teleost (bony) fish Other Mammals Primates, birds invertebrates amphibia reptiles insects.