HETERICK: MONOMORIUM OF MADAGASCAR 103 Monomorium subopacum (Smith) Figs. 16, 42–43. Myrmica subopaca Smith 1858:127. Monomorium subopacum (Smith): Mayr 1862:753. Syntype ’s, ’s, (lectotype here designated) MADEIRA (BMNH) [examined]. Monomorium (Xeromyrmex) subopacum (Smith): Wheeler W.M. 1922:871. [Xeromyrmex a junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank 1966:82]. Myrmica glyciphila Smith 1858: 125. Syntype ’s, (lectotype here designated) Sri Lanka (BMNH) [exam- ined]. Syn. under M. subopacum (Smith): Bolton 1987:360. Monomorium mediterraneum Mayr 1861:72 (diagnosis in key). Syntype (see comments below - lectotype here designated) Spain: Cadiz (NMW) [examined]. Syn. under M. subopacum (Smith): Mayr 1862:763. Monomorium (Xeromyrmex) salomonis subsp. subopacum var. senegalensis Santschi 1913: 306 Syntype ’s, SENEGAL: Saint-Louis (NHMB) [not seen] [Unavailable name]. Syn. under M. subopacum (Smith): Bolton 1987: 360 (along with proposed replacement names claveaui Emery 1922:178 and santschiellum Wheeler, W.M. 1922: 872). See also comment under liberta, below. Paraphacota surcoufi Santschi 1919a:90, fig. 1. Syntype ♂’s (lectotype here designated), ALGERIA: Biskra (NHMB) [examined]. Monomorium subopacum v. surcoufi Santschi 1927:243. Syn. under M. subopacum (Smith): Bolton 1987:360. Paraphacota cabrerai Santschi 1919b:405, fig. 1. Holotype ♂, CANARY ISL: Tenerife, Laguna (NHMB) [exam- ined]. Monomorium subopacum var. cabrerai Santschi 1927:241. Syn. under M. subopacum (Smith): Bolton 1987:360. Paraphacota cabrerae [sic] st. obscuripes Santschi 1921a:169. Syntype ♂’s (lectotype here designated), CANARY ISL., Tenerife, Bajamar (NHMB) [examined]. Syn. under M. subopacum Santschi 1927:241. Monomorium (Xeromyrmex) subopacum var. intermedium Santschi 1927:242 Syntype ♂’s (see comments below—lectotype here designated), CANARY ISLANDS, Haria, Lanzarote (MCZ) [examined]. [First available use of Monomorium (Xeromyrmex) salomonis subsp. subopacum var. intermedium Wheeler 1927:108; unavailable name]. Syn. under M. subopacum (Smith): Hohmann et al. 1993:155. Monomorium (Xeromyrmex) subopacum var. apuleii Santschi 1927:243. Syntypes , ♀, ♂, TUNISIA: Hammamat (?NHMB) [not seen]. Monomorium (Xeromyrmex) subopacum var. liberta Santschi 1927:243. [First available use of Monomorium (Xeromyrmex) salomonis subsp. subopacum st. liberta Santschi 1921c:170; unavailable name]. Syn. under M. subopacum Bolton 1987: 360. (NB. M. liberta syntypes are same specimens as senegalensis above). Monomorium (Xeromyrmex) subopacum var. ebraicum Menozzii 1933:62. Syntypes , ♂, ISRAEL: Tel Aviv (?Instituto di Entomologia, Universitá di Bologna “Guido Grandi” [IEGG]) [not seen]. Nominal subspecies of M. subopacum Bolton 1995:261. Monomorium (Xeromyrmex) subopacum var. adoneum Santschi 1936:41, fig. 22 [spelled “adonis” under fig.]. Syntype ’s, LEBANON: Djbeil ou Djbla (?NHMB) [not seen]. Nominal subspecies of M.subopacum Bolton 1995:258. Monomorium (Xeromyrmex) subopacum subsp. italica Baroni Urbani 1964:154, figs. 2–3. Holotype , ITALY: Gambarie (not seen) (Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona [MSNV]) [not seen]. Syn. under M. sub- opacum (Smith): Baroni Urbani 1968:450. MATERIAL EXAMINED.— M. subopacum: LECTOTYPE: , Madeira, T.V. Wollaston (BMNH). In view of the subtle differences that separate genuine good species in the M. salomonis group, I am designating a lec- totype to fix the name ‘subopacum’, the type worker material of which is a richer reddish brown than the type material for M. glyciphilum. The syntype material is on a single card rectangle. The lectotype worker is the third worker from the RHS, seen from the rear. PARALECTOTYPES: Three workers and three queens, carded on the same rectangle as the holotype (BMNH). No attempt has been made to separate the ants. M. glyciphilum: LECTOTYPE: , Sri Lanka (“Ceylon”), no collector named (BMNH). The syntype material seen (three carded workers) is darker than that of M. subopacum. The lectotype is the RHS specimen (seen from the rear). The rationale for choosing a lectotype is given above under M. subopacum. PARALECTOTYPES: Two workers on the.