INFORMATION TO USERS "Itis manuscript has been reproduced from the microrilm master. UMI films the text directfy from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from auy type of computer printer. The qnali^ of this reproduction is dqrendaat upon the gual% of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs; print bieedthrough, substandard margins and inproper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete m anuscr^ and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note win indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and contmuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Eadi original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerogr^hicgJJy in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for azy photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directty to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 Nonh Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800.-521-0600 L inearization -B a sed G er m an S y n t a x V o l. I dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Andreas Kathol, MA ***** The Ohio State University 1995 Reading Committee: Approved by â J t . Peter Culicover j. ^dvisor Robert Kasper Department of Linguistics Robert Levine UMI Number: 9544597 T3MI Microform 9544597 Copyright 1995, by OMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 Korth Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 © Copyright by Andreas Kathol 1995 A cknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank Carl Pollard without whom none of this would have been possible. Over the years, Carl has been a constant source of inspiration with his penetrating mind, uncompromising intellectual honesty, great sense of humor, and consistent encouragement and enthusiasm for my work. It's hard to find a page in this dissertation that did not improve in one way or other as a result of Carl’s comments. Carl not only has provided an unsurpassed role model as a teacher, scholar, and colleague, but he has also taught me how to keep a healthy perspective on the turmoils of academic life. I also would like to express deep gratitude toward Bob Kasper. With his incessant patience, he was often the first to be bombarded with my half-baked ideas. But no matter how crazy, he would always take the time to clean up whatever mess I made of the technicalities and point out the positive implications of the proposals. I am also grateful for the interactions I have had with the other members of my committee. Peter Culicover and Bob Levine. Peter in particular provided valuable encouragement and constantly reminded me of the larger issues at hand. OSU has been an exceptional environment over the last few years for linguistics in general and nontransformational syntax in particular. Brian Joseph’s wise stew­ ardship of the department has been nothing short of exemplary and his constant encouragement of student efforts was always appreciated. Kudos to Craige Roberts for all the cheers and much moral support during my semantic travails even though I did little to deserve it. Thanks to Jim Nemcek for teaching me a thing or two about UNIX and being a willing and cheerful sparring partner for discussions about politics and other nonlinguistic topics. I also enjoyed greatly the conversations on HPSG-related and other matters I have had with Mike Calcagno, Chan Chung, Karin Golde, Svetlana Vcisina, and Eun Jung Yoo. Many more people deserve credit for making life in the department such a memorable experience, in particular Mariapaola D’Imperio, Steven Hartman Keiser, Rebecca Herman, Elizabeth Hume, Keith John­ son, Nasiombe Mutonyi, Panos (“the Pppe”) Pappas, Frederick Parkinson. Robert Poletto, Ruth Roberts-Kohno, Andy Saperstein, Claudia Stephens, Liz Strand. Ha- lyna Sydorenko, Peter Wagner, Tracy Weldon, and Jae-Hak Yoon. Finally, it should be quite evident throughout this dissertation how much I am indebted to the work of David Dowty and Arnold Zwicky, who have greatly increased my level of insight in many areas of linguistics. Next, I would like to express my appreciation for the all the interaction and discussions I have had in recent years with colleagues elsewhere, in particular Kathy Baker, Bob Borsley, Bob Carpenter, Erhard Hinrichs. Tibor Kiss, Detmar Meurers. Philip Miller, Paola Monachesi, Stefan Miiller, John Nerbonne, Ivan Sag, and Gert Webelhuth. I especially value Gert’s approving reaction when I first told him the gist of the approach developed here. The more I have learned about German syntax, the more my admiration has grown for the accomplishments and exceptional standards 111 of description and analysis of my first teachers at the University of Tubingen. Tilman Hohle and Marga Reis. Without their multitude of insights, this study would have been immeasurably poorer. A heartfelt thanks is in order to my parents .A.nnette and Ludger Kathol for their support and to all the other people that have helped me stay sane over the last few years, in particular, Jill Beckman, Suzanne Gainer. Bahri Karaçay, and Susanne Rieheman. Inside the department, life was made so much more rewarding due to the friendship with Bettina Migge, Jurgen G run (aka Jamie Green), and Stefanie Jannedy. Our Friday night outings into the suburbs certainly is not the only thing that will be dearly missed. Finally, a very special thanks to Jennifer Venditti for being by my side when the going got tough. IV V ita May 31, 1965 ............................................... Born, Fredeburg, Germany 1985-1988 .................................................... Universitat Tübingen 1989 .............................................................. M.A. University of Massachusetts, Amherst 1989-1990 .................................................... Computational Linguistics Program. Carnegie Mellon University 1990-1994 .................................................... Graduate Research and Teaching Associate. Ohio State University 1994-1995 .................................................... Presidential Dissertation Fellow. Ohio State University P ublications Kathol, .A.ndreas and Carl Pollard. 1995. Extraposition via Complex Domain For­ mation. In Proceedings of the 1995 .Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. Kathol, Andreas. 1995. Verb-“Movement” in German and Topological Fields. In Papers from the 31st Regional Meeting, Chicago Linguistic Society. University of Chicago. Kathol, Andreas and Carl Pollard. 1995. On the Left Periphery of German Subor­ dinate Clauses. In Proceedings of the Fourteenth West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics. Kathol, .A,ndreas. 1994. Parasitic “Gaps” in German Revisited. In Proceedings of the Fifth Meeting of the Formal Linguistic Society of Midamerica. (Studies in the Linguistic Sciences, 24:2). Kathol, Andreas. 1994. Passives Without Lexical Rules. To appear in Nerbonne. Netter and Pollard (eds.): German in Head-Driven Phrase Structure Gram­ mar, Stanford: CSLI Lecture Notes Series, CSLI Publications. Kathol, Andreas and Robert Levine. 1992. Inversion as a Linearization Effect. In A. Schafer (ed.), Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Meeting of the North Eastern Linguistic Society, GLSA, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. 207-221. Kathol, Andreas. 1992. On Coordination and Constituency in German. In C. Canakis et al. (eds.). Papers from the 28th Regional Meeting, Chicago Linguistic Soci­ ety. University of Chicago. Kathol, Andreas. 1991. Unaccusative Mismatches in German. In M. .Alexander and M. Dressier (eds.). Proceedings of the Second Meeting of the Formal Linguistic Society of Midamerica, University of Michigan and University of Wisconsin, pp. 74-88. Kathol, .Andreas. 1991. Verbal and Adjectival Passives in German. In J. Bobaljik and A. Bures, Papers from the Third Student Conference in Linguistics. MIT Working Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 14, pp. 115-130. Kathol, Andreas. 1989. A Uniform Approach to V2 in German. Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting of the North Eastern Linguistic Society, GLS.A, Univer­ sity of Massachusetts, Amherst. F ields o f S t u d y Major Field: Linguistics Studies in Syntax, Semantics, and Computational Linguistics VI T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................... ii V I T A ............................................................................................................................. V INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER PAGE I Preliminaries....................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar.............................................. 8 1.2 Constituency in HPSG .............................................................................. 16