Cities of First National Report of Urban Indicators 2018 With a focus on sustainability and resilience Trujillo Cusco Arequipa Puno Lima Huánuco Iquitos Ayacucho Chiclayo Pucallpa Huancayo Callao Cities of Peru First National Report of Urban Indicators 2018 With a focus on sustainability and resilience Developed by In partnership with With the support of General Edition PERIFERIA, Territorios Vivos Calle Chorrillos 150, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru Tel. +51 945 091 025 Mail: [email protected] www.periferia.com.pe With the support of Grupo Gea Konrad Adenauer Universidad Científica Project management and coordination Mariela Cánepa Daniela Freundt Anna Zucchetti Authors Anna Zucchetti-PERIFERIA Daniela Freundt-WWF Perú Co-authors and general supervision Mariela Cánepa-WWF Perú Alessandra Carranza-WWF Perú Research assistants Lorena Montellanos-WWF Perú Evelin Raico-Grupo GEA Design, layout and photography Wust ediciones Printing Ediciones Nova Print S.A.C. Av. Ignacio Merino 1546 Lince, Lima, Peru Tel. 285 8834 First edition Lima, Peru January 2019 Print run: 1,000 copies Legal Deposit made at the National Library of Peru Nº 2019-00271 Printed in Lima, Peru The opinions expressed in this book are the responsibility of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the opinion of the institutions, the partners or the reviewers. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank the following professionals who contributed with scientific guidance and the validation of the indicators: Jorge Abad, Mariana Alegre, Javier Bouby, José Cabrera, Ricardo Fort, Julio García, Maria Jara, Liliana Miranda, Bertha Ormeño, Ana Luz Ramirez, Jeremy Robert, Luis Rodríguez and Juan Carlos Ruiz. Furthermore, we wish to thank the institutions that have supported us in the compilation, guidance and analysis of the information in the present report: Association of Municipalities of Peru (AMPE), Grupo GEA, National Institute of Statistics and Information (INEI), Round Table for the Fight against Poverty (MCLCP), Ministry of the Environment (MINAM), Ministry of Housing, Construction and Sanitation (MVCS), Presidency of the Council of Ministers (PCM), Supervisory Body for Investment in Energy and Mining (OSINERGMIN), Environmental Evaluation and Control Agency (OEFA) and the National Superintendence of Service and Sanitation (SUNASS). We also wish to thank Quavii and Naturgy, as well as Francisco Costa Aponte, Head of INEI, Juana Kuramoto, Secretary of Decentralization of the PCM, Ana Luz Ramírez of Grupo GEA, Luis Ibañez of the General Directorate of Environmental Quality of the MINAM, Ana Vergara and Óscar Angúlo, of the Commission for Tariff Regulation of the SUNASS, Luis Acosta, of the Commission for Decentralization of the SUNASS, Javier Florez, of the Municipality de San Isidro, Mónica Muñoz Najar, Director of Environmental Information and Research of the MINAM, Pedro Gamio, of the Latin American Platform for Renewable Energies, and Luis Grajeda Puelles, manager of the Electrical Division of the OSINERGMIN. We would also like to thank the group of volunteers led by Alessandra Carranza and comprising Evelin Raico, Marcial Silva, Daysi Salvatierra and Joseph Erribarren who accompanied us all the way; likewise, Anthony Quiroz, Milagros Rojas, Joel Camaze, Elsa Arrázola, María Del Carmen Jamjachi, Katherine More, Henry Huiza and Cristián Cornejo for their timely contributions. Finally, we wish to thank Grupo GEA, the Regional Program for Energy Security and Climate Change in Latin America of the the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and the Universidad Científica for putting their trust in the preparation of the present Report. LIST OF ACRONYMS AMPE: Association of Municipalities of Peru CENEPRED: National Center for Disaster Risk Assessment, Prevention and Reduction CEPLAN: National Center for Strategic Planning CONAM: National Council for the Environment DIGESA: General Directorate for Environmental Health ECA: Environmental Quality Standard EPS: Sanitation Service Provider GHG: Greenhouse Gases Gg CO2e: Gigatons of Carbon Equivalent EPS: Service Provider Company ICES: Consortium for Economic and Social Research IDB: Inter-American Development Bank IFN: Natural Infrastructure INEI: National Institute for Statistics and Informatics MCLCP: Round Table for the Fight Against Poverty MEF: Ministry of Economy and Finance MINSA: Ministry of Health MINAM: Ministry of the Environment MVCS: Ministry of Housing, Construction and Sanitation NA: Not applicable ND: Not available OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OEFA: Environmental Evaluation and Control Agency OSINERGMIN: Supervisory Body for Investment in Energy and Mining PAL: Local Environmental Policy PAT: Land Use Plan PEIR: Pressure, State, Impact and Response PDU: Urban Development Plans PIGARS: Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan PLANEFA: Annual Environmental Audit Plan SDG: Sustainable Development Goals SEDAPAR: Water and Sewerage Services of Arequipa SENAMHI: National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru SINIA: National Environmental Information System SUNASS: National Superintendence of Services and Sanitation UNEP: United Nations Environment Program WHO: World Health Organization ZAP: Area for Priority Attention ZEE: Ecological-Economic Zoning Prologues 7 Chapter 1. The need to measure our cities 11 Chapter 2. The National Report of Urban Indicators: an approach to our cities 15 Chapter 3. The state of our cities 52 Chapter 4. Conclusions and recommendations 129 Table of Contents 8 • Cities of Peru Prologues his Report is almost a provocation. A provocation to all Peruvians but, above all, to our authorities, to look at the cities, study the cities, Tdiscuss the cities, understand the cities and (re-) design the cities of our beloved Peru. But in order to understand and design, first of all measures have to be made; this is what we set out for ourselves with this first National Report of Indicators of Sustainable and Resilient Cities. The Report is a first snapshot of the 25 capital cities of the country’s regions and of some emerging cities, using a set of indicators that have been chosen based on international benchmarks and refined according to the availability and accessibility of official information. As with any snapshot, the Report is a partial glimpse of the cities and of the historical moment in which we are living. It is, furthermore, a photograph taken through the special interest lens of its authors: environmental sustainability. And so, albeit partial, the Report is of great value: it reveals – indirectly – the huge debt and challenges that we, as a society, face in the construction of homes for the majority of Peruvians. Because today, 8 out of every 10 Peruvians are living in cities and the game of sustainability in Peru is played – to a very large extent – on urban ground. Prologue • 11 The value of this report is also that it reveals the dire need for a National Information System of Cities that will allow us to take photographs more systematically and from many other angles and to measure urban quality, sustainability and competitiveness in all its complexity. Only in this way can we design better urban policies, measure their effectiveness and guarantee equal access to public property. Because, as collective constructs, cities are essentially public property that need to be of the same quality for everyone. The Report aims to start building this National System of Indicators and Standards for quality of urban life which we put to the consideration of the relevant authorities, particularly the Ministry of Housing, Construction and Sanitation (MVCS), the Ministry of the Environment (MINAM), the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI) and the National Center for Strategic Planning (CEPLAN) as rectors of the Urban System, the National System of Environmental Information (SINIA), the Statistical System and the National Planning System. Director Territories We hope, with this Report, to have sown the seed for this. Living Living Zucchetti. Anna PERIFERIA, 10 • Sustainable and resilient cities in Peru e, as Peruvians, are proud of our natural and cultural heritage. We experience it in the highlands of the Andes, in the Amazon Wrain forests, in the Pacific Ocean. We have hundreds of languages, dishes, customs and philosophies. The cities are the force where all this comes together. It is in the cities and their constant changes that geography is transformed. The city itself, of course, urbanizes land in order to accommodate its inhabitants. The way in which the city adjusts itself to provide goods and services and to discharge its waste results in a better or worse quality of life for its inhabitants. It also results in greater or lesser impact on our precious natural legacy. The Peru of today does not do this very well. Cities grow with little planning and scant attention to its engineering. The first Report of Urban Indicators 2018 presents data and information on 30 cities (25 regional capitals and 5 emerging cities) with regard to integrated solid waste management, air and soil quality, energy use, protection of water sources, transport, progress in environmental governance and the elements that influence the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). In terms of cities, these are the main environmental elements that have an impact on the quality of life of their inhabitants. Prologue • 1 This First Report is, without doubt, a valuable contribution to the regional and municipal authorities for 2019-2022. We hope it will help to guide the prioritization