Checklist of the Zingiberaceae of Malesia Mark Newman Amélie Lhuillier Axel Dalberg Poulsen BLUMEA Supplement 16 NATIONAAL HERBARIUM NEDERLAND, Universiteit Leiden branch 2004 ISSN 0006-5196 ISBN 90-71236-XX-X BLUMEA Supplement 16 © 2004 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Universiteit Leiden branch No part of this publication, apart from bibliographic data and brief quotations in critical reviews, may be reproduced, re-recorded or published in any form, including print, photocopy, microform, electronic or electromagnetic record without written permission. CHECKLIST OF THE ZINGIBERACEAE OF MALESIA MARK NEWMAN1, AMÉLIE LHUILLIER2 & AXEL DALBERG POULSEN3 SUMMARY A checklist of Malesian Zingiberaceae is provided, giving generic names, specific and infraspecific binomials and trinomials, basionyms, synonyms, protologues, type specimens and their locations and limited information on distributions. The revision status of accepted genera and some nomenclatural notes are included. In total 1,661 names are listed. INTRODUCTION This checklist is a precursor to a revision of the Zingiberaceae for Flora Malesiana (FM). It appears very nearly a century after the last monograph of the family (Schu- mann, 1904). During this time generic limits in the family have changed greatly and many new species have been described, while the forests in Malesia have declined catastrophically. There have been revisions of the Zingiberaceae for certain areas within Malesia, notably Holttumʼs Zingiberaceae of the Malay Peninsula (Holttum, 1950) and Smithʼs Review of Bornean Zingiberaceae (Smith, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989). However, for large areas of Malesia, including Sumatra, the Philippines and all of eastern Malesia, there is still only a scattering of old papers in a number of European languages. While traditional taxonomic work has made slow progress in recent years, phylo- genetics has made great strides. The latest phylogenetic study of the family (Kress et al., 2002) gives a new infrafamilial classification and clear indications that further changes are to come in genera such as Alpinia and Amomum. This checklist, then, should be seen as a compilation of current knowledge, not a finished work. Our models in writing this checklist are the Checklist and Botanical Bibliography of the Aroids of Malesia, Australia, and the Tropical Western Pacific (Hay et al., 1995) and the World Checklist and Bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae) (Govaerts & Frodin, 2002). Though the Zingiberaceae are not as well known as the Araceae are to those authors, and all genera, except some of the very small ones, require revision, we 1) Royal Botanic Garden, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, UK. Author for cor- respondence. 2) Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse (2 bis, place Tronville, 55600 Montmédy, France). 3) Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. 2 Blumea Supplement 16 Introduction 3 try to give a revision status for each genus, as they did. Revision status A = recently revised or currently under active revision at an advanced stage, B = partially revised recently, C = not revised for 40 years or more. METHODS The checklist is drawn from a taxonomic database held at the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh (E) in which the boundaries of Malesia are defined. We subdivide Malesia in the same way that Govaerts & Frodin (2002) divide the world, using the third level areas in the TDWG standard world geographical scheme for recording plant distribu- tions (http://www.tdwg.org/standrds.html#floristic). In Malesia these are Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah, Kalimantan, Java, Bali, the Lesser Sunda Islands, Timor Leste, the Philippines, Sulawesi, the Moluccas, West Papua, Papua New Guinea, and the Bismarck Archipelago. In a small number of cases, we have not been able to find out where in Borneo a specimen was collected and so we simply cite the locality as Borneo. The north-west boundary of Malesia is a line between Alor Setar and Pattani which includes all or part of the Thai provinces of Narathiwat, Pattani, Satun, Songkhla and Yala. We have created an area in our database consisting of these provinces and, where Thailand is cited in distributions, it should be understood that we mean these provinces alone. The third level areas of the TDWG scheme are not always countries. For example, the Bismarck Archipelago and the North Solomons are part of Papua New Guinea but they are both third level areas in the TDWG scheme. The Bismarck Archipelago is in Malesia but the North Solomons are not. The International Plant Names Index (IPNI) and other publications on Zingiber- aceae were searched for names which have been used in Malesia. For each name found, at least one specimen was entered into the database. This was usually a type specimen, which may have been seen. Those types which have been seen by one of the authors, or a correspondent, are indicated with an exclamation mark. When a type is cited without an exclamation mark, we have only seen a reference to it in the literature but have not seen the specimen itself. The herbaria given for unseen type specimens are those where the respective authors are known to have worked. For ex- ample, most types of names published by Schumann are cited as being at B, and those of Valeton at BO. Many specimens at B and PNH no longer exist, since both herbaria were damaged by fire during the Second World War. Species which are based on types from outside Malesia are represented by any Malesian specimens in the database. An attempt was made to record all determinations of type specimens. In many cases these determinations are taken from literature, not from determinavit slips. For example, Elmer 10534a (L) was recorded with two determinations, Adelmeria alpina Elmer (by Elmer in 1915, the year of publication of the name) and Alpinia alpina (Elmer) R.M. Sm. (by Smith in 1990, the year of publication of the combination). The program which created the checklist from the database then listed Adelmeria alpina in its place under the genus Adelmeria in the alphabetical order, and again in synonymy under Alpinia alpina. 2 Blumea Supplement 16 Introduction 3 It has not been possible in the time available to enter full determination histories for each and every specimen. The result is that there are some synonyms which appear under an accepted name but do not appear in the alphabetical order. We hope that this will not seriously weaken the usefulness of the checklist. At the end of this process, all specimens within Malesia were searched for names attached to them. The kind of name appears in brackets after the author. Names can be of four kinds, A = accepted, P = provisionally accepted, S = synonymous, and K = unknown. Accepted names are listed with all their known synonyms, even those based on specimens from outside Malesia. Basionyms are made explicit and names listed in homotypic groups in date order. Abbreviations of the names of authors, and places of publication of names conform to TDWG standards (http://www.tdwg.org/ standrds.html), that is, Authors of Plant Names (Brummitt & Powell, 1992) for ab- breviations of names of authors, Taxonomic Literature, ed. 2 and its Supplements (Stafleu & Cowan, 1976 et seq.) for book titles, and Botanico-periodicum-huntianum for periodical titles (Lawrence et al., 1968, Bridson & Smith, 1991). Provisionally accepted names are those which have not been revised for a long time. It is not possible in the underlying database to record synonyms under a provisional name so we have grouped provisional names in homotypic groups with the basionym appearing first. Entries for provisional names which are based on an earlier name refer the reader to the basionym. Names listed under the heading, “Combination(s)” are not synonyms and should not be treated as such. In some cases provisional names will be found in genera which are known to be synonyms or in the wrong genus, according to current thinking. New combinations may be required but we hold strongly to the opinion that combinations should not be made routinely, without further study, since this merely clutters the literature with names. These provisional names may just as likely turn out to be synonyms of better known and more widespread species but this will only come to light when genera are revised throughout Malesia. Entries for synonyms refer the reader to the accepted name where full details are given. Our chief aim is to provide a complete list of names, correctly cited, which taxono- mists must consider when they revise genera. Where possible we have identified type material though we have not been able to visit all necessary herbaria. In addition, it must be remembered that types known to have been at herbaria badly damaged in the Second World War are probably lost forever. Distributions of species are not all complete. This work is based substantially on specimen data and we have not been able to record all specimens of Zingiberaceae from Malesia. Many of the distributions will be complete because most species occur in only one or two of our divisions of Malesia but caution should be exercised when using our distribution data. This checklist is not suitable for drawing up checklists of areas within Malesia. Much of the information in this checklist can be consulted through the internet at the Zingiberaceae Resource Centre (http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/ZRC/home.html). One year after publication, all the information in the checklist, plus any more gathered in that year, will be published at the ZRC. 4 Blumea Supplement 16 We hope that this checklist will be a significant advance in studies of the Zingiber- aceae. However, it is certain that there will be omissions and perhaps even mistakes in it. We shall be very grateful if readers communicate errors or omissions to the first author.