2020 US Geography Championships B. in a megalopolis the grouped cities must be of roughly Multiple Choice Examination - Part 2 equal status C. in a megalopolis the urban areas are close but not necessarily physically contiguous and the labor markets Instructions – This portion of the multiple choice have not yet merged examination consists of 40 questions. You will receive D. there is no meaningful difference between the two two points for a correct answer. You will lose one point terms for an incorrect answer. Blank responses lose no points. Please fill in the bubbles completely on the answer 7. In the United States, the megalopolis regions known sheet. You may write on the examination, but all as the Texas Triangle and Gulf Coast overlap at which of responses must be bubbled on the answer sheet. All the following cities? images are contained in the resource booklet. Diacritic A. San Antonio marks such as accents have been omitted from place B. Houston names and other proper nouns. You have one hour to C. Austin complete both the written portion of the examination and D. Dallas this set of multiple choice questions. 8. The Northeast megalopolis, often referred to as Questions 1-9 refer to the map in section 1 of the ‘BosWash’, contains roughly how many people? resource booklet. A. 100 million B. 75 million 1. This map shows a conurbation in which of the C. 50 million following countries? D. 25 million A. the United States B. New Zealand 9. Which of the following names the scientific discipline C. the UK that studies human settlements and draws on various D. Australia disciplines including urban planning, architecture, sociology and ecology? 2. Given the information on the map, which of these is A. econometrics true of conurbations? B. political economy A. they are lacking transportation infrastructure C. market urbanism B. they are clearly dominated by one major city D. ekistics C. they are polycentric D. they are disconnected despite their physical proximity Questions 10-15 refer to the image in section 2 of the resource booklet. 3. The black boundaries on this map show borders of Travel to Work Areas, which planners and geographers 10. From what direction are the prevailing winds for the in this country can use to visualize urban life based on location shown in the image? which of the following? A. northeast A. administrative limits B. northwest B. political divisions C. southeast C. cultural influence D. southwest D. socio-economic ties 11. What is the term for the phenomenon that causes 4. Which of these pairs is the largest cross-border the drier area labeled 1 in the image? conurbation in North America? A. cyclonic motion A. Laredo-Nuevo Laredo B. occlusion B. Detroit-Windsor C. occultation C. San Diego-Tijuana D. rain shadow D. El Paso-Juarez 12. The phenomenon that causes the dry area labeled 1 5. The terms ‘megalopolis’ and ‘conurbation’ were in the image is also responsible for which of the coined in the 1915 book Cities in Evolution by which of following? the following? A. the Atacama Desert A. Lewis Mumford B. the Sahara Desert B. Ernest Burgess C. the Gobi Desert C. Homer Hoyt D. all of these are caused at least in part by this D. Patrick Geddes phenomenon 6. Which of the following distinguishes the main 13. The area labeled 2 on the image experiences what difference between the terms ‘megalopolis’ and type of precipitation? ‘conurbation’? A. cyclonic precipitation A. a megalopolis cannot include more than two cities B. convective precipitation C. orographic precipitation 21. Which of these describes the rescue effect on D. stratiform precipitation isolated populations? A. the conservation of isolated populations by biologists 14. Which of the following is the general term for the and other scientists warm, dry, down-slope wind on the lee side of a B. artificially increasing landscape connectivity to mountain range? preserve isolated population A. fohn (foehn) C. a migration of individuals that helps increase the B. steering flow persistence of an isolated population and reduce its C. barrier jet chances of extinction D. shear D. the buildup of habitat in surrounding areas to increase metapopulation stability 15. The location marked 3 on the image is most likely which of the following? 22. Species in all of these environments can be modeled A. the beginning of a major mountain range with the theories formulated by MacArthur and Wilson B. an impact crater EXCEPT which of the following? C. an arid plain A. biomes D. a dormant volcano B. oases C. fragmented forests Questions 16-23 refer to the images in section 3 of the D. seamounts resource booklet. These images show the effect of distance and size on species richness on different 23. Which of the following is the term for the habitat locations marked 1 and 2. created by an isolated mountain surrounded by a radically different lowland environment? 16. Robert MacArthur and E.O. Wilson coined which of A. altitudinal zonation the following terms to describe the effects illustrated in B. sky island these images? C. life zone A. island biogeography D. riparian zone B. habitat heterogeneity C. conservation biology Questions 24-29 refer to the map in section 4 of the D. serendipity resource booklet. 17. In image A, given that the locations are of roughly 24. Kaliningrad is which of the following in relation to the same size, which of these would receive a greater Russia? variety of species? A. a colony A. 1 B. an enclave B. 2 C. an exclave C. they would receive roughly the same variety D. Kaliningrad is not related to Russia in any of these D. it is impossible to determine from this illustration ways 18. Which of the following would help to describe the 25. Which of the following events had a major impact on relationship illustrated in image A? the debate over the status of Kaliningrad in the last A. the species-area curve twenty years? B. assembly rules A. the reunification of Germany C. metapopulation ecology B. the NATO intervention in the Kosovo War D. distance decay C. the Iraq War and the larger US ‘War on Terror’ D. the accession of the ‘A10’ countries to the European 19. In image B, given that the locations are roughly the Union in 2004 same distance from the mainland, which of these would receive a greater variety of species? 26. Which of the following best describes the European A. 1 Union? B. 2 A. it is a collective security agreement C. they would receive roughly the same variety B. it is a supranational union D. it is impossible to determine from this illustration C. it is a federal republic D. it is a dynastic union 20. Which of the following would help to describe the relationship illustrated in image B? 27. Which of the following best describes the term A. the species-area curve irridentism? B. assembly rules A. a political and popular movement that seeks to claim C. metapopulation ecology or reclaim ‘lost’ territory D. distance decay B. the nascent independence movements in certain countries during the twentieth century, especially the former satellite states of the Soviet Union C. the desire of some ethnic or religious minorities to B. it was designed to be permanent or semi-permanent break away from larger states C. cooking was meant to be done outside of the dwelling D. the creation of a sovereign state on reclaimed artificial D. it was designed for communal living land 36. In North America, all of these groups would have 28. Which of the following is a current subject of Chinese built dwellings similar to those in image C EXCEPT irridentism? which of the following? A. Xinjiang A. the Lakota B. Hong Kong B. the Powhatan C. Taiwan C. the Oneida D. Macau D. the Mohawk 29. All of these groups are seeking independence from 37. The dwelling in image C represented which of the the countries mentioned EXCEPT which of the following in many cultures in which it was built? following? A. the transition to the use of metal tools A. Abkhazians in Georgia B. the earliest form of permanent structure B. Catalans in Spain C. their reliance on matrilineal kinship C. Orthodox Christians in Israel D. their desire to enforce strict gender segregation D. Kurds in Turkey 38. All of these are true of the dwelling in image D Questions 30-40 refer to the images in section 5 of the EXCEPT which of the following? resource booklet. These images show indigenous A. it was only used in the late spring and summer dwellings from different parts of the world. months B. wood used in construction usually had to be obtained 30. Which of these is true of the dwelling in image A? by trade A. It is suitable for a mild climate C. it was covered with hides or felt B. it is likely a single-family dwelling D. it was widely used in Central Asia C. it involves the use of imported or non-native materials D. it is meant to support a nomadic lifestyle 39. The lifestyle of the indigenous peoples using the dwelling in image D can best be described as which of 31. In which of the following locations would a dwelling the following? like the one in image A have been built? A. hunter-gatherer A. the eastern United States B. seafaring B. the Aleutian Islands C. agrarian C. a Polynesian island D. pastoral D. Northern Europe 40. Which of the dwellings pictured would be most 32. All of these give clues to the climate of the area in similar to a nipa hut found in the Philippines? image B EXCEPT which of the following? A.