Hormone Endocrine Gland Target Function Regulated by Secreted Growth Hormone Stimulates growth of Releasing Hormone Human growth Liver, muscle, cartilage, Anterior Pituitary body cells, protein (GHRH) and Growth hormone (hGH) bone synthesis Hormone Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH) Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH - Thyroid-stimulating Stimulates the release Anterior Pituitary Thyroid stimulated by low T3 hormone (TSH) of thyroid hormones and T4 and low BMR) and GHIH F: oocyte development Gonadotropin Follicle-stimulating Anterior Pituitary Ovaries/Testes & estrogen secretion / Releasing Hormone hormone (FSH) M: sperm production (GnRH) F: estrogen and progesterone secretion Gonadotropin Luteinizing hormone Anterior Pituitary Ovaries/Testes & timing of ovulation / Releasing Hormone (LH) M: testosterone (GnRH) production Prolactin Releasing Hormone (PRH) and Anterior Pituitary Prolactin (PRL) Mammary gland Promotes milk secretion Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone (PIH, dopamine) Stimulates secretion of Adrenocorticotropic Corticotropin Releasing Anterior Pituitary Adrenal Cortex cortisol by adrenal hormone (ACTH) Hormone (CRH) cortex Stimulates uterine Uterus/ Mammary Uterine growth and Posterior Pituitary Oxytocin (OT) contractions and milk glands suckling "letdown" Conserves water by: Decreases urine Dehydration; blood Antidiuretic hormone Posterior Pituitary Kidney/Skin/Arterioles volume; decreases pressure; blood loss; (ADH) perspiration; constricts alcohol arterioles Thyroid hormones (T3 Thyroid Multiple Tissues Increases metabolism TSH and T4) Lowers blood calcium Thyroid Calcitonin (CT) Bone/Kidney Blood calcium levels Parathyroid hormone Increases blood Parathyroid Bone/Kidney Blood calcium (PTH) calcium levels Conserves water by: Dehydration; Na+ Increases blood sodium Adrenal Cortex Aldosterone Kidney deficiency; blood loss; levels and water high blood K+ retention Increases protein breakdown; provides ACTH; stress; low Adrenal Cortex Cortisol Multiple Tissues resistance to stress; blood cortisol depresses immune system Source of estrogen; Male and Female male and female Adrenal Cortex Androgens ACTH reproductive organs secondary sex characteristics Increase HR and BP; increase blood flow to Sympathetic response Epinephrine and Adrenal Medulla Nervous system skeletal muscle, liver, to stress and exercise; Norepinephrine and heart; increase "fight-or-flight" blood glucose Increases blood Pancreas (Alpha cells) Glucagon Multiple Tissues Blood glucose glucose Decreases blood Pancreas (Beta cells) Insulin Multiple Tissues Blood glucose glucose Regulates female reproduction cycle; Female reproductive prepare mammary Ovaries Estrogen FSH and LH system glands for lactation; develps female 2nd-ary sex characteristics Maintains pregnancy; Estrogen and Female reproductive LH and development of Ovaries helps regulate female Progesterone system corpus luteum reproductive cycle Male reproductive Regulates sperm Testes Testosterone LH system formation Pineal Melatonin Brain/Skin Sets biological clock Darkness Maturation of T cells (a Presence of immature Thymus Thymosin Thymus form of white blood T cells in thymus cells).