Sexual Violence and the Law in Pakistan, 2011 This publication is part of WAR’s legal Education Program No part of this publication may be reproduced without citing WAR and prior permission For more copies, please contact WAR at: 102, Pearl Crest, 18-C, Lane No. 4, Main Zamzama Boulevard, Phase 5, D.H.A., Karachi, Pakistan- 75500 Tel: (92) 021-35373008 Fax: (92) 021- 35830903 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.war.org.pk Facebook Page: http://www.facebook.com/pages/War-Against-Rape/18334816135 This publication has been made possible through the generous support of our donors: ICCO and the Global Fund for Women We thank them for having faith on our work and supporting us through the years. WAR is registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 (Registration No. KAR 2322), as of 21 September, 1992. Tax exemption certificate number: JUD/CIT/COS-V/(ENF-DIV-II)/2007/5279 Certified by Pakistan Centre for Philanthropy as a Non-Profit Organization. SSEXUAL VVIOLENCE AND THE LLAW IN PPAKISTAN MALIHA ZIA LARI SARAH ZAMAN RESEARCH ASSOCIATES: MADIHA RIAZ FIZZAH TARIQ |War Against Rape, Karachi| Disclaimer The views reflected in this publication may not be taken to be the views of WAR. The expressions, analysis and citations in this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors. WAR does not accept any liabilities with respect to the correctness and completeness of this publication. The organization and authors are not offering the contents of this publication as legal or professional advice. WAR accepts no responsibility for any actions deriving from this publication. References are provided for informational purposes only and do not constitute endorsement of any websites or other sources. Readers should be aware that the websites listed in this publication may change. WAR reserves the right to charge for postage and copies. 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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................................ vii About the Organization.............................................................................................................................................. ix About the authors ......................................................................................................................................................... xi Preface .............................................................................................................................................................................xiii Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................................................xv Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Legal System of Pakistan and the Impediments to Accessing Justice ......................................................... 2 Sexual Violence in the Socio-cultural Context ....................................................................................................... 4 What is Sexual Violence? ............................................................................................................................................ 7 Different Forms of Sexual Violence ........................................................................................................................... 7 Sexual Violence in the Legal Context ................................................................................................................ 13 Implementation of Law in Pakistan ....................................................................................................................... 13 Pakistani Case Law on Sexual Violence ................................................................................................................ 14 The Principles of Statutory Interpretation.......................................................................................................... 14 The Recommended Interpretations of Pakistani Laws to Include Sexual Violence .............. 17 Pakistan Penal Code 1908 ...................................................................................................................................... 18 34. Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention ................................................. 18 38. Persons concerned in criminal act may be guilty of different offences ........................................... 19 90. Consent known to be given under fear or misconception ..................................................................... 20 97. Right of private defence of the body and of property ............................................................................. 21 100. When the right of private defence of the body extends to causing death .................................... 21 101. When such right extends to causing any harm other than death .................................................... 22 102. Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of the body .......................... 23 106. Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is a risk of harm to innocent person ....................................................................................................................................................................... 24 107. Abetment of a thing ............................................................................................................................................ 25 108. Abettor ..................................................................................................................................................................... 25 120-A. Definition of criminal conspiracy ............................................................................................................. 26 141. Unlawful assembly .............................................................................................................................................. 27 292. Sale, etc., of obscene books, etc. ..................................................................................................................... 29 293. Sale, etc., of obscene objects to young person ......................................................................................... 29 294. Obscene acts and songs ..................................................................................................................................... 31 300. Qatl-i-Amd .............................................................................................................................................................. 32 302. Punishment of Qatl-i-Amd ............................................................................................................................... 32 303. Qatl committed under 'Ikrah-i-Tam or Ikrah-i-Naqis'.......................................................................... 35 310. Compounding of Qisas (Sulh) in Qatl-i-Amd ............................................................................................ 36 315. Qatl Shibh-i-Amd .................................................................................................................................................. 37 321. Qatl-bis-Sabab ....................................................................................................................................................... 38 iii 328. Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years by parent or person having care of it .................................................................................................................................................................... 39 332. Hurt ............................................................................................................................................................................ 40 333. Itlaf-i-Udw ............................................................................................................................................................... 41 334. Punishment for Itlaf-i-Udw .............................................................................................................................. 41 335. Itlaf-i-Salahiyyat-i-Udw ..................................................................................................................................... 42 336. Punishment for Itlaf-i-Salahiyyat-i-Udw .................................................................................................... 42 337. Shajjah ...................................................................................................................................................................... 43 337-B. Jurh ........................................................................................................................................................................ 44 337-C. Jaifah ..................................................................................................................................................................... 44 337-D. Punishment for Jaifah ...................................................................................................................................