Redesigning Transit Networks for the New Mobility Future: Resource and Toolkits DRAFT Final Report Prepared for TCRP Transportation Research Board of The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES ENGINEERING AND MEDICINE PRIVILEGED DOCUMENT This document, not released for publication, is furnished only for review to members of or are participants in the work of CRP. This document is to be regarded as fully privileged, and dissemination of the information included herein must be approved by CRP. Authors: Foursquare Integrated Transportation Planning, Inc. Lora Byala, AICP Shana Johnson, AICP Rebecca Slocum Andrew Zalewski, AICP Josh Weiland Laura Culp Eno Center for Transportation Brianne Eby Paul Lewis AECOM Guillermo Calves David Sampson CRP Project TCRP H-56 FORWARD To be added by Dianne Schwager ii CRP Project TCRP H-56 CONTENTS Summary ................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1: Introduction and Purpose of the Report ................................................................................. 6 Need for the Research and Context from Practice .................................................................................................. 6 Overview of Contents of the Report ..................................................................................................................... 12 Section 1: Research Report ............................................................................................................................. 14 Chapter 2: Background on Bus Network Redesigns and New Mobility ........................................... 14 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 14 Overview of Bus Network Redesigns ........................................................................................................... 14 Trends in Bus Network Redesign .................................................................................................................. 16 Trends in New Mobility ................................................................................................................................ 18 New Mobility and Bus Network Redesign .................................................................................................... 19 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................... 21 Chapter 3: Components of Bus Network Redesign Planning .............................................................. 22 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 22 Bus Network Redesign Planning Process ...................................................................................................... 22 Goals and Objectives ..................................................................................................................................... 32 Metrics........................................................................................................................................................... 33 New Mobility and Bus Network Redesigns .................................................................................................. 36 Equity ............................................................................................................................................................ 46 Public and Stakeholder Involvement ............................................................................................................. 49 Financial Considerations ............................................................................................................................... 55 Capital Elements to Support Redesigned Bus Service .................................................................................. 58 Chapter 4: Support and Collaboration ........................................................................................................ 61 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 61 Internal Agency Collaboration ...................................................................................................................... 61 Community Buy-In ....................................................................................................................................... 64 Inter-Agency Collaboration ........................................................................................................................... 66 Boards and Elected Officials ......................................................................................................................... 68 Chapter 5: Bus Network Redesign Implementation .............................................................................. 70 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 70 Phasing .......................................................................................................................................................... 70 Elements ........................................................................................................................................................ 72 Follow Up Post-Implementation ................................................................................................................... 76 Chapter 6: Conclusions and Next Steps ....................................................................................................... 78 Key Findings ................................................................................................................................................. 78 Future Work .................................................................................................................................................. 81 Section 2: Resources .......................................................................................................................................... 83 Chapter 7: Case Studies .................................................................................................................................... 83 Capital Metro................................................................................................................................................. 83 Houston METRO .......................................................................................................................................... 85 iii CRP Project TCRP H-56 IndyGo........................................................................................................................................................... 88 LA Metro ....................................................................................................................................................... 91 Chapter 8: Toolkits ............................................................................................................................................. 95 Toolkit #1: Bus Network Redesign ............................................................................................................... 95 Toolkit #2: Partnering to Make the Bus the Mode of Choice ...................................................................... 124 Toolkit #3: Working with the Private Sector ............................................................................................... 133 References ........................................................................................................................................................... 150 Abbreviations and Acronyms ....................................................................................................................... 154 Appendix: Question Bank for Interviews ................................................................................................. A-1 iv CRP Project TCRP H-56 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Connections Between New Mobility and Bus Network Redesigns ......................................... 19 Figure 2. Example of Common Planning Process for Bus Network Redesigns ..................................... 24 Figure 3. Planning Approaches to Bus Network Redesigns by Status of Redesign ............................... 27 Figure 4. Trade-off Question and Participant Responses from HRT’s Transit Transformation Project . 29 Figure 5. Commonly Cited Big Picture Objectives ............................................................................... 33 Figure 6. Gwinnett County Transit’s Proposed Short-Range System Includes two Flex Service zones. 40 Figure 7. A rider requests UTA microtransit service .............................................................................. 42 Figure 8. Via Van in Downtown Arlington, Texas ................................................................................. 47 Figure 9. Public Engagement and Education Objectives for Each Bus Network Redesign Stage .......... 50 Figure 10. Summary of Connect Gwinnett Outreach Efforts .................................................................