Integrated Water Resources Management in the Lower Jordan Rift Valley Sustainable Management of Available Water Resourc es with Innovative Technologies Work package, Deliverable D 502 “Monitoring of surface water pollution based on biological indicators” PRELIMINARY VERSION Dr. Stephan Fuchs(1) Dipl. – Geol. Miriam Leicht (1) Prof. Ahmad Katbeh Bader(2) Mai Mohammad Al Khateeb(2) Manji(2) (1) Institute of Water and River Basin Management, Department of Aquatic Environmental Engineering (2) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jordan January, 2013 Corresponding author: Miriam Leicht IWG-SWW Gotthard-Franz-Str. 3 76131 Karlsruhe [email protected] ++49-721-608-44118 sponsored by Funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF): FKZ 02WM0801 Project Coordination: Main Coordinator: Assistant Coordinators Prof. Dr. Nico Goldscheider Prof. Dr. Martin Sauter Dr. Roland Mueller & Dr. Stefan Geyer Institute of Applied Department of Applied Geosciences, Geology Helmholtz Centre for Göttingen University Environmental Research (UFZ) Karlsruhe Institute of Goldschmidtstrasse 3 Permoserstr. 15 Technology 37077 Göttingen 04318 Leipzig Adenauerring 20b Germany Germany 76131 Karlsruhe Phone: +49 (0)551 39 79 Phone: +49 (0)341 235 30 00 Germany 11 Fax: +49 (0)341 235 2885 Phone: +49 (0) 721 608 Fax: +49 (0)551 39 93 79 45465 Fax: +49 (0) 721 606 279 http://www.iwrm-smart2.org/ Content I. List of figures ................................................................................................... 5 II. List of tables ................................................................................................. 6 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 7 2. Selection of project area ................................................................................. 9 2.1. Study area .................................................................................................... 9 2.2. King Talal Dam ............................................................................................ 10 2.2. Zarqa river .................................................................................................. 12 2.3. Treatment Plants ......................................................................................... 13 3. Biological methods .......................................................................................... 16 3.1. History of biological monitoring ...................................................................... 16 3.1. Advantages of biological methods .................................................................. 17 4. The Saprobic system and Saprobic Indices ......................................................... 21 4.1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 21 4.2. Saprobic system .......................................................................................... 22 4.3. Saprobic index ............................................................................................. 22 4.4. German Standard Method (DIN 38410)........................................................... 23 3.1. WFD classification scheme ............................................................................ 24 4. Field investigations .......................................................................................... 26 4.1. Macroinvertebrate Sample Locations .............................................................. 26 4.2. Material and Methods ................................................................................... 27 5. Insect Biodiversity in Wadi Ar-Rumman at the Royal Botanic Garden, Jordan .......... 30 5.1. Introduction to the species found in the area ................................................... 30 3.1. Ephemeroptera ............................................................................................ 31 3.1.1. Family Baetidae - Small Minnowflies ............................................................ 33 3.1.2. Family Caenidae ....................................................................................... 34 3.2. Odonata ..................................................................................................... 35 3.2.1. Euphaeidae .............................................................................................. 37 3.2.2. Coenagrionidae ......................................................................................... 37 3.2.3. Platycnemididae ........................................................................................ 37 3.2.4. Calopterygidae ......................................................................................... 38 3.2.5. Gomphidae .............................................................................................. 38 3.2.6. Libellulidae ............................................................................................... 39 3.3. Plecoptera ................................................................................................... 39 3.4. Trichoptera ................................................................................................. 40 3.4.1. Hydropsychidae ........................................................................................ 41 SMART Page | 3 3.4.2. Hydroptilidae ............................................................................................ 42 3.5. Diptera ....................................................................................................... 42 3.6. Hemiptera ................................................................................................... 44 3.7. Coleoptera .................................................................................................. 45 3.8. Chironomus ................................................................................................. 47 4. Results of the Macro-Invertebrate survey ........................................................... 48 5. Biofilm monitoring ........................................................................................... 49 5.1. Biofilm ........................................................................................................ 50 5.2. Construction of the samplers ......................................................................... 51 5.3. Sampling .................................................................................................... 52 5.4. Laboratory methods ..................................................................................... 53 5.5. Results ....................................................................................................... 54 6. Chemical sampling .......................................................................................... 55 6.1. Water ......................................................................................................... 55 6.1.1. Results of water sampling .......................................................................... 56 6.2. Sediments ................................................................................................... 57 6.2.1. Results of Sediment sampling ..................................................................... 57 6.3. Heavy metals .............................................................................................. 58 6.3.1. Results of Heavy metal .............................................................................. 58 7. Distribution of heavy metals according Igeo-classes ............................................ 59 8. Interpretation and Results ................................................................................ 60 9. Literature ....................................................................................................... 61 10. Appendix .................................................................................................... 68 I Taxa List ........................................................................................................ 68 II Field report .................................................................................................... 70 III Water sampling ........................................................................................... 71 IV Results of biofilm sampling ............................................................................... 72 V Distribution of heavy metals according Igeo-classes ............................................ 74 SMART Page | 4 I. List of figures Figure 1: Study area (modified after Royal Botanic Garden and Google Earth) 9 Figure 2: a) KTD b) Pollution on the shore of the KTD reservoir (Source: Pictures taken 10 by author) Figure 3: Zarqa river, Jordan (Source: IUCN – ROWA) 12 Figure 4: Location of As Samra, Zarqa River, KTD and RBG (modified after Al-Omari et 13 al., 2012 and Google Earth) Figure 5: Location of As Samra Treatment plant (modified after Degrémont, 2008 and 14 Google Earth) Figure 6: Water quality and Saprobien system – self purification in flowing waters 21 (modified after Barndt et al., 1996) Figure 7: Sample location 26 Figure 8: Collection of macroinvertebrates in Tell Ar Rumann 27 Figure 9: Sample preserved in a vial showing an Ephemeroptera 28 Figure 10: Stereo microscope used to identify the species 28 Figure 11: Dorsal view of an ephemeropteran larva (modified after Bouchard, R.W., 2004 31 and University