FOR BOTH HIGHER AND ORDINARY LEVEL NEW EDITION of this market-leading textbook with a special focus on the 2018/2019 compulsory documents study Government, Economy and Society in the Republic of Ireland, 1949–89 including a FREE Documents Resource Book. M ODERN • Covers four popular syllabus topics, two of which students must select for study: – Movements for Political and Social Reform, 1870–1914 – The Pursuit of Sovereignty and the Impact of Partition, 1912–49 – Government, Economy and Society in the Republic of Ireland, 1949–89 I – Politics and Society in Northern Ireland, 1949–93 RELAND • NEW! Summary Charts aid revision and essay-writing • Exam-focused approach highlights key personalities and key concepts • NEW! Review Questions throughout each chapter and updated end-of-chapter exam questions reflect the latest exams, aid revision and encourage analysis DIGITAL RESOURCES CASE STUDIES NEW! Additional resources for Modern Ireland are • NEW! Documents-Based Questions after each case-study available on GillExplore.ie, our new smart, reliable and easy-to-use resources platform: document for immediate student response and class collaboration • Worksheets for student analysis of videos THIRD • NEW! Review questions and further documents-based questions • Two structured essay answers EDITION at the end of each case study • Past exam questions by topic Walsh Gerard Brockie and Raymond MODERN • Web resource list • NEW! FREE Modern Ireland Documents Resource Book – the perfect companion to the Modern Ireland textbook. Together they help students to achieve their maximum potential through active and effective learning. FREE eBook with this textbook! Your • Includes a complete guide to the Research Study unique code is on the inside front cover. • Includes valuable videos and weblinks Modern Ireland together with its companion Modern Europe for further investigation IRELAND and the Wider World provide students with their essential • Enables searching, note-taking, texts for Leaving Certificate History. highlighting and bookmarking third edition • Contains links to eTest.ie for updated eTests for all topics, useful for homework THE AUTHORS and revision Gerard Brockie and Raymond Walsh have extensive experience in teaching and examining at second level. They have collaborated in writing several history textbooks for both Junior and Senior cycles. www.gilleducation.ie ISBN 978-0-7171-6986-3 Gerard Brockie and Raymond Walsh Cover design by www.slickfish.ie 9 780717 169863 Cover image © Corbis G69863 Modern Ireland 3rdEdition.indd 1-3 21/12/2015 09:24 MODERN IRELAND third edition Gerard Brockie and Raymond Walsh GILL G69863 Modern Ireland title page.indd 1 15/12/2015 15:57 Modern Ireland prelimscl.indd 1 18/12/2015 12:38 Gill Education Hume Avenue Park West Dublin 12 www.gilleducation.ie Gill Education is an imprint of M.H. Gill & Co. © Gerard Brockie and Ray Walsh 2016 ISBN: 978-0-7171-69863 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without written permission of the publishers or else under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Irish Copyright Licensing Agency. Design: Charles Design Associates Print origination: Carole Lynch Cover design: Don O’Connor At the time of going to press, all web addresses were active and contained information relevant to the topics in this book. Gill Education does not, however, accept responsibility for the content or views contained on these websites. Content, views and addresses may change beyond the publisher or author’s control. Students should always be supervised when reviewing websites. The author(s) and publisher have made every effort to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked we would be pleased to make the necessary arrangement at the first opportunity. The paper used in this book is made from the wood pulp of managed forests. For every tree felled, at least one tree is planted, thereby renewing natural resources. Modern Ireland prelimscl.indd 2 18/12/2015 12:29 Contents Course Outline v PART 1: MOVEMENTS FOR POLITICAL AND SOCIAL REFORM, 1870–1914 1. Ireland in the Late Nineteenth Century 2 2. Isaac Butt and the Home Rule Movement 11 3. The Land War, 1879–82 17 4. Parnell and the Home Rule Movement, 1882–91 28 Case Study: The Elections of 1885 and 1886 31 5. Conservative Policy Towards Ireland: Constructive Unionism 48 6. Cultural Revival, Religious Identity and Educational Advances 59 Case Study: The Foundation and Early Years of the GAA 65 7. Industrial Development and Social Change: Trade Unions and Suffragettes 82 Case Study: Dublin 1913 – Strike and Lockout 88 8. Irish Nationalism and Unionism, 1890–1914 105 PART 2: THE PURSUIT OF SOVEREIGNTY AND THE IMPACT OF PARTITION, 1912–49 9. Ireland in Ferment, 1912–16 124 10. The Struggle for Independence 142 11. From Truce to Treaty and Civil War 158 Case Study: The Treaty Negotiations, October–December, 1921 159 12. The Irish Free State, 1923–32 181 13. Fianna Fáil in Power, 1932–9 197 Case Study: The Eucharistic Congress (1932) 197 14. Ireland in the War Years and After, 1939–49 217 15. Northern Ireland, 1920–39 231 16. Northern Ireland 1939–49: From War to Welfare State 241 Case Study: Belfast During World War II 242 PART 3: GOVERNMENT, ECONOMY AND SOCIETY IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND, 1949–89 17. The First Inter-Party Government, 1948–51 258 18. Depression and Stagnation: Ireland in the 1950s 268 19. From Lemass to Lynch, 1959–73 277 Case Study: The First Programme for Economic Expansion, 1958–63 278 20. Widening Horizons: Ireland in the 1960s 296 Case Study: The Impact of RTÉ, 1962–72 299 21. The National Coalition, 1973–7 315 22. Changing Governments: 1977–82 324 iii Modern Ireland prelimscl.indd 3 18/12/2015 12:29 Modern Ireland 3rd Edition 23. The Fine Gael–Labour Coalition, 1982–7 333 24. Fianna Fáil Enters Coalition 343 Case Study: The Impact of the EEC on Fisheries 345 PART 4: POLITICS AND SOCIETY IN NORTHERN IRELAND, 1949–93 25. Northern Ireland, 1949–63 360 26. New Leadership: The O’Neill Years 367 Case Study: The Coleraine University Controversy 369 27. The Outbreak of the Troubles 384 28. Descent into Conflict, 1969–72 396 29. Direct Rule Comes to Northern Ireland 405 Case Study: The Sunningdale Agreement and the Power-Sharing Executive, 1973–4 409 30. Direct Rule Continues 421 31. Towards a Lasting Settlement 431 32. The Impact of the Troubles on the Economy and Society of Northern Ireland 445 Case Study: The Apprentice Boys of Derry 450 The Research Study Choosing a Topic 465 The Structure of the Research Study Report 465 Sample Research Study for Higher Level 466 Modern Ireland Documents Resource Book Included with the textbook, for extra homework assignments and classwork 1 Introduction to the Documents-Based Question 2 2 Answering the Documents-Based Question 3 3 Case Studies: Additional Documents-Based Questions Case Study 1: The First Programme for Economic Expansion 11 Case Study 2: The Impact of RTE, 1962–1972 17 Case Study 3: The Impact of the EEC on Fisheries 22 4 Key Concepts and Other Significant ermsT for Government, Economics and Society in the Republic of Ireland, 1949–1989 27 5 Key Personality Review 32 Note: The topic ‘Government, Economy and Society in the Republic of Ireland, 1949–89’ will be prescribed for the compulsory documents study section of the Leaving Certificate Examination in 2018 and 2019. Questions will be based on the case studies in this topic and on a wider knowledge of the topic overall. iv Modern Ireland prelimscl.indd 4 18/12/2015 12:29 Course Outline Note The sections of this book, parts 1 to 4, cover Topics 2, 3, 5 and 6 of the syllabus. They will be labelled Topic 2, Topic 3, Topic 5 and Topic 6 on your exam paper. Topic 2: Movements for Political and Social Reform, 1870–1914 PERSPECTIVE ELEMENT CASE STUDIES Politics and administration The Home Rule movement: The elections of 1885 and • Origins 1886: issues and outcomes • Development • Leadership – Butt, Parnell, Redmond The Suffrage movement The first Sinn Féin Party The Irish Volunteers Unionism and the Ulster Question Society and economy Land agitation and land reform Dublin 1913 – strike and Unionisation of the working classes lockout The co-operative movement Industrial development in Belfast: the shipyards Educational reforms: schools and universities Culture and religion The GAA The GAA to 1891 Cultural revivals: the Gaelic League, the Anglo- Irish Literary Revival The consolidation of Catholic identity • Studying this topic, students should examine the roles of the key personalities listed on the next page. Use the checklist to make sure you have studied/revised each one. • Students must also identify and become familiar with the main concepts in each topic. These key concepts are listed on the next page and highlighted in the text. v Modern Ireland prelimscl.indd 5 18/12/2015 12:29 Modern Ireland 3rd Edition Students should be aware of the contribution Students should be aware of the contribution of the following to the developments listed of the following to the developments listed under the elements on the previous page: under the elements on the previous page: KEY PERSONALITIES COVERED KEY CONCEPTS COVERED C.S. Parnell Democracy John Redmond Home Rule Edward Carson separatism Isabella Tod militarism Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington socialism James Connolly feminism Michael Davitt political agitation James Larkin anglicisation/de-anglicisation Douglas Hyde Irish Ireland W.B.Yeats Anglo-Irish suffragette