PEM applications FUEL CELLS HIDEKEL MORENO LUNA HC 399 What is a fuel cell? Usually hydrogen is the fuel in conjunction with oxygen. Basic definition: Every cell generates a A device that creates amount of energy that electricity by a can be couple with chemical reaction. others to create a cell or Composed by two a stack. The purpose of electrodes are such is to make current respectively called do work outside of the anode(+) and cathode(-) system(cell), that that carried a redox powering an electric reaction. The reaction is motor. speed up by the calalyst. Types of Fuel Cells . Metal Hydride Fuel Cell . RFC-Redox . Electro-galvanic Fuel Cell . Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell . Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cell; . Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell;MCFC DFAFC . Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel . Zinc Air Battery Celll;TSOFC . Microbial Fuel Cell . Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cell . Upflow Microbial Fuel Cell; UMFC . Direct Carbon Fuel Cell . Regenerative Fuel Cell . Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell . Direct Bromohydride Fuel Cell . Enzymatic Biofuel Cells. Alkaline Fuel Cell . Direct Methanol Fuel Cell . Reformed Methanol Fuel Cell . Direct-Ethanol Fuel Cell . Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell; PEM Working Fuel Cell Name Electrolyte Qualified Power (W) Electrical efficiency Status Temperature (°C) Aqueous alkaline solution above -20 Commercial/Researc Metal hydride fuel cell (e.g.potassium (50% Ppeak @ 0°C) h hydroxide) Aqueous alkaline Commercial/Researc Electro-galvanic fuel cell solution (e.g., under 40 h potassium hydroxide) Direct formic acid fuel cell Polymer membrane Commercial/Researc to 50 W under 40 (DFAFC) (ionomer) h Aqueous alkaline Zinc-air battery solution (e.g., under 40 Mass production potassium hydroxide) Polymer membrane Microbial fuel cell under 40 Research or humic acid Upflow microbial fuel cell under 40 Research (UMFC) Polymer membrane Commercial/Researc Regenerative fuel cell under 50 (ionomer) h Aqueous alkaline Direct borohydride fuel cell solution (e.g., sodium 70 Commercial hydroxide) Aqueous alkaline Cell: 60–70% Commercial/Researc Alkaline fuel cell solution (e.g., 10 kW to 100 kW under 80 System: 62% h potassium hydroxide) Polymer Cell: 20–30% Commercial/Resear Direct methanol fuel cell membrane 100 mW to 1 kW 90–120 System: 10–20% ch (ionomer) Polymer (Reformer)250– Reformed methanol fuel Cell: 50–60% Commercial/Resear membrane 5 W to 100 kW 300 cell System: 25–40% ch (ionomer) (PBI)125–200 Polymer above 25 Direct-ethanol fuel cell membrane up to 140 mW/cm² Research ? 90–120 (ionomer) Polymer membrane Proton exchange (ionomer) (e.g., (Nafion)50–120 Cell: 50–70% Commercial/Resear 100 W to 500 kW $30–35 per watt membrane fuel cell Nafion or (PBI)125–220 System: 30–50% ch Polybenzimidazol e fiber) Liquid electrolytes with RFC - Redox redox shuttle & polymer 1 kW to 10 MW membrane (Ionomer) Cell: 55% Molten phosphoric acid Phosphoric acid fuel cell up to 10 MW 150-200 System: 40% (H PO ) 3 4 Co-Gen: 90% Molten alkaline carbonate Cell: 55% Molten carbonate fuel cell (e.g., sodium bicarbonate 100 MW 600-650 System: 47% NaHCO3) O2--conducting ceramic Cell: 60–65% Tubular solid oxide fuel cell (TSOFC) oxide (e.g., zirconium up to 100 MW 850-1100 System: 55–60% dioxide, ZrO2) H+-conducting Protonic ceramic fuel cell 700 Research ceramic oxide Cell: 80% Commercial/Resear Direct carbon fuel cell Several different 700-850 System: 70% ch O2--conducting ceramic oxide (e.g., zirconium dioxide, Cell: 60–65% Commercial/Resear Planar Solid oxide fuel cell ZrO Lanthanum up to 100 MW 850-1100 2 System: 55–60% ch Nickel Oxide La2XO4,X= Ni,Co, Cu.) Any that will not denature the Enzymatic Biofuel Cells under 40 Research enzyme (usually aqueous buffer). Main Applications . Back up power . Base load power plants . Electric and hybrid vehicles . Auxiliary power . Off-grid power supply.