2150 Stimulants and Anorectics Mental impairment. References. Bass; B-bombs; Beans; Bennie; Bennies; Benny and the Jets; 1. Poitrenaud J, et al. Almitrine-raubasine and cognitive impair- Bens; Benz; Benzedrine; Benzidrine; Berick; Billy; Billy Whizz; ment in the elderly: results of a 6-month controlled multicenter Biphetamine; Bippies; Black beauties; Black birds; Black bomb- study. Clin Neuropharmacol 1990; 13 (suppl 3): S100–S108. ers; Black cadillacs; Black hollies; Black mollies; Black and 2. Poitrenaud J, et al. Time course of age-associated memory im- white; Blacks; Blue belly; Blue boy; Blue mollies; Bolt; Bombi- H pairment in 8037 patients treated with Duxil for 6 months. Rev do; Bombita; Bombitas; Boostant; Bottles; Brain pills; Brain N Geriatr 1994; 19: 531–8. ticklers; Brownies; Browns; Bumblebees; Candy; Cartwheels; 3. Poitrenaud J, et al. Memory disorders in 8037 elderly patients Chalk; Chicken powder; Chocolate; Christina; Christmas tree; CH with age-associated memory impairment: multicenter trial with Clear rocks; Coast to coast; Coasts to coasts; Colorado Rockies; 3 a 6-month follow-up under almitrine-raubasine. Eur Neurol 1995; 35 (suppl 1): 43–6. Co-pilot; Crank; Crisscross; Croke; Cross tops; Cross-tops; N 4. Allain H, Bentue-Ferrer D. Clinical efficacy of almitrine-rauba- Crossroads; Crystal; Crystal methadrine; Debs; Dex; Dexadrine; sine: an overview. Eur Neurol 1998; 39 (suppl 1): 39–44. Dexedrine; Dexies; Diamonds; Diet Coke; Diet pills; Dolls; Dominoes; Double cross; Drivers; Eve; Eye opener; Eye open- Profile Respiratory system disorders. Respiratory stimulants (such ers; Fast; Fast balls; Fastin; Fives; Fly Boys; Football; Footballs; Amfetaminil is a central stimulant that has been given orally in as almitrine) have a limited and short-term role in acute respira- Forwards; French blue; French blues; Gaggler; Gas; GB’s; the treatment of narcolepsy. tory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p.1112). Glass; Go; Go-ee; Goey; Greenies; Halloo-Wach; Hanyak; Head Preparations Almitrine has been reported1-4 to improve ventilation and blood drugs; Head fruit; Hearts; Hi speeds; High speed; Höökipulveri; oxygenation, and to decrease the number of episodes of dysp- Horse heads; Hydro; Iboga; Ice; Inbetweens; Jam; Jam cecil; Jel- Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) noea and hospital admissions, although others5 have failed to ly baby; Jelly bean; Jelly beans; Johnny go fast; Jolly bean; Jolly Ger.: AN 1†. note benefit. There are also reports6,7 of beneficial effects when beans; Jugs; Khat; L.A.; La Glass; LA ice; LA turnarounds; used with inhaled nitric oxide in patients with severe hypoxae- Leapers; Lid poppers; Lid proppers; Lightning; Lip poppers; Lit- mic acute respiratory distress syndrome (p.1498) as well as in tle bomb; Little Guys; Louee; Louie; Macka; 357 Magnum; 357 patients with hypoxia caused by focal lung lesions.8 However, Magnums; MAO; Marathons; Marching Powder; Meth; Methe- Amiphenazole Hydrochloride (BANM, rINNM) ⊗ drine; Methlies Quik; Mini beans; Mini berries; Minibennie; any modest benefits may be outweighed by the adverse effects, Amiphénazol, Chlorhydrate d’; Amiphenazole Chloride; Ami- which have included peripheral paraesthesia and weight loss,1 Mollies; Monoamine oxidase; Morning shoot; Morning shot; phenazoli Hydrochloridum; Hidrocloruro de amifenazol. 5-Phe- and headache, urticaria, breathlessness, diarrhoea, chest pain, Nineteen; Nitro; Nugget; Oranges; Peaches; Pep; Pep pills; Per- nausea, and vomiting.3 The peripheral neuropathy that some- vitiini; Pink hearts; Pixies; Pollutants; Powder; Proszek; Pulver; nylthiazole-2,4-diamine hydrochloride. Purple hearts; Rhythm; Rippers; Road dope; Rosa; Roses; times occurs during long-term use of almitrine9,10 may be due to Амифеназола Гидрохлорид 11-13 Shight; Shighty; Slammin’; Slamming; Slipvins; Snap; Snow; an underlying feature of the pulmonary disease being treated, Snow pallets; Sparkle plenty; Sparklers; Speckled birds; Speck- C H N S,HCl = 227.7. although some disagree with this.14 9 9 3 led eggs; Speed; Speed ball; Speed balls; Speed cristal; Speed- CAS — 490-55-1 (amiphenazole); 942-31-4 (amiphena- 1. Watanabe S, et al. Long-term effect of almitrine bismesylate in ball; Spivias; Splash; Splivins; Sprinkles; Star; Strawberry short- zole hydrochloride). patients with hypoxemic chronic obstructive pulmonary dis- cake; Sulph; Sulphate; Sulphates; Sweeties; Sweets; Tens; The ease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 140: 1269–73. 2. Daskalopoulou E, et al. Comparison of almitrine bismesylate C; Thrusters; Toffee whizz; Topette; TR-6s; Truck drivers; Tur- and medroxyprogesterone acetate on oxygenation during wake- key; Turnabout; Turnarounds; Tweak; Tweek; Up; Uppers; Up- fulness and sleep in patients with chronic obstructive lung dis- pies; U.S.P.; Wake amine; Wake ups; Water; West Coast turna- ease. Thorax 1990; 45: 666–9. rounds; Wheels; Whiffle dust; Whiffledust; White; White Cross; S 3. Bakran I, et al. Double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial of White Crunch; Whites; Whiz; Whizz; Wire; X; X-mas tree; NH2 almitrine bismesylate in patients with chronic respiratory insuf- Zoomers. ficiency. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 38: 249–53. 4. Górecka D, et al. Effects of almitrine bismesylate on arterial N blood gases in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary dis- Amfetamine Sulfate (rINNM) ⊗ H2N ease and moderate hypoxaemia: a multicentre, randomised, Amfetamiinisulfaatti; Amfétamine, sulfate d’; Amfetamine Sul- double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Respiration 2003; 70: (amiphenazole) 275–83. phate (BANM); Amfetamini sulfas; Amfetamino sulfatas; Amfeta- 5. Sans-Torres J, et al. Long-term effects of almitrine bismesylate minsulfat; Amfetamin-sulfát; Amfetamin-szulfát; Amphetamine in COPD patients with chronic hypoxaemia. Respir Med 2003; Profile 97: 599–605. Correction. ibid.; 1243. Sulfate; Amphetamine Sulphate; Amphetamini Sulfas; Phenami- 6. Jolliet P, et al. Additive beneficial effects of the prone position, num; Phenylaminopropanum Racemicum Sulfuricum; Sulfato de Amiphenazole hydrochloride has properties similar to those of nitric oxide, and almitrine bismesylate on gas exchange and ox- anfetamina. (R,S)-α-Methylphenethylamine sulphate. doxapram hydrochloride (p.2155) and has been used intramus- ygen transport in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care cularly or intravenously as a respiratory stimulant. Med 1997; 25: 786–94. Амфетамина Сульфат Lichenoid reactions have been reported in addition to those reac- 7. Gallart L, et al. The NO Almitrine Study Group. Intravenous (C H N) ,H SO = 368.5. almitrine combined with inhaled nitric oxide for acute respira- 9 13 2 2 4 tions expected from its central activity. tory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158: CAS — 60-13-9. 1770–7. ATC — N06BA01. 8. Payen D, et al. Inhaled nitric oxide, almitrine infusion, or their ATC Vet — QN06BA01. coadministration as a treatment of severe hypoxemic focal lung lesions. Anesthesiology 1998; 89: 1157–65. Pharmacopoeias. In Chin., Eur. (see p.vii), and US. Ammonium Camphocarbonate 9. Chedru F, et al. Peripheral neuropathy during treatment with Ph. Eur. 6.2 (Amfetamine Sulphate). A white or almost white Canfocarbonato de amonio. almitrine. BMJ 1985; 290: 896. powder. Freely soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol. Pro- 10. Gherardi R, et al. Peripheral neuropathy in patients treated with tect from light. C11H19NO3 = 213.3. almitrine dimesylate. Lancet 1985; i: 1247–50. CAS — 5972-75-8. 11. Suggett AJ, et al. Almitrine and peripheral neuropathy. Lancet USP 31 (Amphetamine Sulfate). A white odourless crystalline 1985; ii: 830–1. powder. Freely soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol; prac- Profile 12. Alani SM, et al. Almitrine and peripheral neuropathy. Lancet tically insoluble in ether. Its solutions are acid to litmus, having a Ammonium camphocarbonate has been used in preparations for 1985; ii: 1251. pH of 5 to 6. 13. Moore N, et al. Peripheral neuropathy in chronic obstructive the treatment of respiratory-tract disorders. lung disease. Lancet 1985; ii: 1311. Incompatibility. Amfetamine sulfate is incompatible with al- Preparations 14. Louarn F, Gherardi R. Almitrine and peripheral neuropathy. kalis and calcium salts. Lancet 1985; ii: 1068. Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) Preparations Profile Multi-ingredient: Spain: Pulmofasa. Amfetamine is an indirect-acting sympathomimetic with actions Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) and uses similar to those of its isomer dexamfetamine (p.2153). Belg.: Vectarion†; Braz.: Vectarion; Denm.: Vectarion; Fr.: Vectarion; Irl.: Vectarion; Pol.: Armanor; Port.: Vectarion; Rus.: Armanor (Арманор); Amfetamine, amfetamine sulfate, and amfetamine aspartate are Spain: Vectarion. given orally in doses similar to those of dexamfetamine sulfate. Armodafinil (USAN, rINN) ⊗ Multi-ingredient: Fr.: Duxil†; Hong Kong: Duxaril; Philipp.: Duxaril; The laevo-isomer, levamfetamine was formerly used in a similar Port.: Duxil; Transoxyl†; Singapore: Duxaril; Spain: Duxor†; Thai.: Dux- manner. Amfetamine, being volatile, was formerly given by in- Armodafinilo; Armodafinilum; CEP-10953; CRL-40982. 2-[(R)- aril. halation. (Diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide. Breast feeding. Amfetamine is concentrated in breast milk and Армодафинил 1 the American Academy of Pediatrics has stated that it has C15H15NO2S = 273.4. Amfetamine (BAN, rINN) ⊗ caused irritability and poor sleep pattern in breast-feeding infants CAS — 112111-43-0. Amfetamiini; Amfetamin;