PCC.I03 -f66- CENSUS OF INDIA 1951 VOLUME VI-PART III CALCUTTA CITY A. MITRA of the Indian Civil Service, Superintendent of Census Operations and Joint Development Commissioner, West Bengal PuBLl:SBEB BY Tl'IE MANAGER OF PuBLICATIONS, DELHl:. PlUNTED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA PRESS. CALCUTTA. INDIA ~954. price; Rs. 17-1~ or ~7sh. 6<l. THE CENSUS PUBLICATIONS THE CENSUS PUBLICATIONS for West Bengal, Sikkim and Chandernagore will ~onsist of the foltowing volumes. An volumes will be of uniform size, demy quarto 8f" x Iii Part IA-General'Report by A. Mitra, containing the first five chapters of tlie .Report ilL addition· to'(l, Preface, an Introduction, and a Bibliography. 587 pages. Part IB-Vital Statistics, West Bengal, 1941-50 by A. Mitra and P. G_ \.,.,nOUUQury, comamlUg a J:''f-elace. 60 tables, and several appendices. 75 pages. • Part IC-General Report by A. Mitra containing the Subsidiary tables of 1951 a1id~ the ·sixth 'chapt~r of the Report and a note on a Fertility Inquiry conducted in 1950. Some reprints and 'Special notes. A report on the natural resources, trades and industries of the State with two bibliographies by Chanchal Kumar Chatterjee and Kamal Majumdar. 517 pages. Part II-Union and State Census Tables of West Bengal, Sikkim and Chandernagore by A. Mitra. 535 pages. PaTt III-Report on Calcutta City by A. Mitra. (The present volume.) Part IV-Tables of the Calcutta Industrial Region by A. Mitra. 438 pages. Part V-Administrative Report of the Census Operations of West Bengal, Sikkim, Chandernagore and Calcutta City: Enumeration: by A. Mitra. 96 pages. The Tribes and Castes of West Bengal-edited by A. Mitra, containing 1951 tables of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in West Bengal. A monograph on the Origin of Caste by Sailendranath Sengupta, a monograph on several artisan castes and tribes by Sudhansu Kumar Ray, an article by Professor Kshitishprasad Chattopadhyay, an article on Dharmapuja by Sri Asutosh Bhattacharyya. Appendices of Selections from old authorities like Sherring, Dalton, Risley, Gait and O'Malley. An Introduction. 414 pages and eighteen plates. An Account of Land Management in West Bengal, 1872-1952, by A. Mitra, containing extracts, accounts and statistics over the SO-year period and agricultural statistics compiled at the Census of 1951, with an Introduction. 312 pages. Fairs and Festivals in West Bengal by A. Mitra, containing an account of fairs and festivals classified by villages, unions, thanas and districts. With a foreword and extracts from the laws on the regulation of fairs and festivals. 41 pages. District Handbooks for each West Bengal District by A. Mitra. Each volume contains an Introductory essay, bri.nging the old Gazetteer up to date, several important appendices, and about 82 tables, together with a list of ancient monuments in each district. Contains also a village directory where the J.L. No. of every village, its name, area, total popUlation, number of houses, number of literates and population classified into eight livelihood classes are tabulated. The whole series is expected to be complete by February 1954. Each volume will contain about 300 pages (14 volumes). A catalogue of the better known ancient monuments of West Bengal by A. Mitra. Will contain brief descriptions of extant ancient monuments in each district of the State, dating up to 1800, with exact location and present state. Translations of all inscriptions found in West Bengal and an account of an invasions or conquests of Bengal mentioned in inscriptions. With many plates. About 600 pages. iii CONTENTS PAOli: PR"EllAClll vii A Note on the Growth of the Population in the City xi The Rise and Growth of Calcutta in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries 1 Appendix I Bengal Consultations, June, 1707 21 Appendix II List of Villages Purchased by the English which now form Calcutta City 22 Appendix III Old Fort William 22 Appendix IV St. John's Church and Armenian Church 23 Appendix V . '''riters' Buildings 24 Appendix VI The Mahratta Ditch 25 Appendix VII Dilli Puncilannogram 26 Appendix VIII Impey's House and Deer Park 27 Appendix IX The Presidency General Hospital 28 Appendix X . The Belvedere 28 Appendix XI Baillie's Map of Calcutta, 1792 29 A ppendix XII Some Notable Spots Near Tank Square 32 Appendix XIII The Council House and Government Hou~e 34 Appendix XIV The Black Zemindar 35 ~ppendix XV Lord \Vellesley's l>lagnificence and Palaces of Posteri\.y 36 :Appendix XVI Extracts from Notes on the Medical Topography of Calcutta by James Ranald lIIartin 37 ,o\ppendix XVII Extracts from Abridgement of the Report of The Comruittee Appointed by Right 54 Hon'ble The Governor of Bengal, 1845 Appendix XVln Proclamation Fixing the limits of the 'fown of Calcutta, 17(}4 • 64 'Appendix XIX Changes in the Jurisdiction of the Municipal Limits of Ca,lcutta G6 I Calcutt:t Gazette, October 23, ] 867 60 II Calcutta Ga,zette, April J, 1868 GG III Calcutta Gazette, June 16, ]869 G6 IV Calcutta Gazette, September 28, 1870 60 V. Notification September 10,1877 6G VI. Notification August 10, 1879 67 VII Calcutta Municipal Act, 1899 08 VllI Calcutta Municipal Act, 1923 68 IX Calcutta Municipal Act, 1951 69 ~ppendix XX A Note on the Trust's New Development Schemes and their Financial Implications 70 by Shri S. K. Gupta, I.C.8. ·,nnexure A I Area, Houses and Population of Calcutta City ttt each C.,nsufl, 1876·1951 74 II. Alphabctical List of Special Census Charges 86 III Alphabetical List of Special Census Blocks 87 IV Provisional Population of each Ward 89 V. Provisional Population of Special Census Areas, Calcutta 90 VI Statement of Number of Enumerators Borrowed from Different Government and Pri· 91 va te Offices AnnexureB I Street List of Calcutta in 1866 92 II List of Roads, Streets and Lanes in 1951 96 III Provisional Count of Population in Warde, Circlee and Blocks with their boundaries 120 v l~LUSTRATIONS AND MAPS PAGE 1 Population of Calcutta, 1951 • Facing x 2 Bustee Population of Calcutta, 1951 x " 3 Portion of an air-photograph of a congested bustee area in the EntlllIy Dis~I"ict of Calcutta x 4 Population of Calcutta showing Literacy among males and females by Livelihood Classes, 1951 " x 5 Progress of Literacy in Calcutta., 1901-51 x 6 Population and Houses in Calcutta, 1901-51 " " xiii 7 Map of Calcutta and its Environs by A. Upjohn II 7 8 Plan of Fort William and Part of the City of Calcutta, 1753 by Lt. William Wills " 22 PREFACE ~A now belongs as much to West Bengal larger area, while several schemes are under the India and the world. Her features, active consideration of the government to improve ty lo~al and individual, have acquired suburban rail and road services; and the city's ality. Originating as a small town she is police have quietly and steadily done a great deal rsting at the seams with overgrowth. She to keep the road traffic reasonably mobile, and he record for density. Her population is bring the far flung suburbs within less than an " steeply on the increase, due, as a deputy hour's bus ride to the heart of the city. an of the city's Corporation fifty years The population in the' immediate surroundings timed, to 'the benefits conferred by the of the city, that is, in areas which are within half lbused Calcutta Corporation', as much as an lwur's bus ride to a city terminus, has remark­ act that the city is as acceptable to the l)1an ably increased in the course of the last ten years, Ich of a situation in her vast folds as to the and 'is now 1,024,475. They are the spill areas of i;ravelled and educated mind. Calcutta, served by municipalities, and include Garden Reach (109,160), South Suburbs (Behala: GROWTH OF POPULATION 104,055) and Tollyganj (149,817) in the south; the ~ increase in population within the last Dum Dum group (Dum Dum, South Dum Dum r 'years has been as remarkable as her and North Dum Dum: 87,549) in 'the north-east; 1 during the past two centuries. The Baranagar (77,126) in the north; and Howrah t area of Calcutta is 32·32 square miles City (433,630) and Bally (63,138) in the west. This within municipal limits) and the population may be called the well-knit Calcutta Area, the lrch 1, 1951, 2,548,677 ; in 1931, with almost population of which, including Calcutta'S, comes me area, her population was 1,163,771. In to 3,573,152. The corresponding population in 'I years the population has thus' more than 1941 was 2,839,726, and in 1931, 1,581,335. In ~d. In 1801, the area of the town was only twenty years the popl}lation of this area has wres and its population under 140,000. In increased 2·3 times. he area was only 1,682 acres with a popula­ The' displaced' or refugee population return­ )f 10,000. The regular decennial census -cd from this area is 624,164 (Calcutta 433,228) in 1881 with a total population that year which is roughly a third of the entire displaced ,658. In 1901, the population was 949,144 popUlation in West Bengal. An official survey ; over thirty-seven per cent. of her present reveals that about one hundred and ten colonies ltion. The rate of increase of the popula­ of all sizes of Displaced persons have sprung into r the metropolis of India has been greater existence within this area east of the Hooghly nost cities of comparable size.