LTC4010 High Efficiency Standalone Nickel Battery Charger FEATURES DESCRIPTION n Complete NiMH/NiCd Charger for 1 to 16 Cells The LTC®4010 provides a complete, cost-effective nickel n No Microcontroller or Firmware Required battery fast charge solution in a small package using few n 550kHz PWM Current Source Controller external components. A 550kHz PWM current source n No Audible Noise with Ceramic Capacitors controller and all necessary charge initiation, monitoring n Wide Input Voltage Range: 5.5V to 34V and termination control circuitry are included. n Programmable Charge Current: 5% Accuracy The LTC4010 automatically senses the presence of a DC n Automatic Trickle Precharge adapter and battery insertion or removal. When an external n –∆V Fast Charge Termination DC source is not present, the LTC4010 enters shutdown n Optional ∆T/∆t Fast Charge Termination and supply current drawn from an installed battery drops n Optional Temperature Qualification to the lowest possible level. Heavily discharged batteries n Automatic NiMH Top-Off Charge are precharged with a trickle current. The LTC4010 can n Programmable Timer simultaneously use both –∆V and ∆T/∆t fast charge ter- n Automatic Recharge mination techniques and can detect various battery faults. n Multiple Status Outputs If necessary, a top-off charge is automatically applied to n Micropower Shutdown NiMH batteries after fast charging is completed. The IC n 16-Lead Thermally Enhanced TSSOP Package will also resume charging if the battery self-discharges after a full charge cycle. APPLICATIONS All LTC4010 charging operations are qualified by actual n Integrated or Standalone Battery Charger charge time and maximum average cell voltage. Charging n Portable Instruments or Consumer Products may also be gated by minimum and maximum temperature n Battery-Powered Diagnostics and Control limits. NiMH or NiCd fast charge termination parameters n Back-Up Battery Management are pin selectable. L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. TYPICAL APPLICATION 2A NiMH Battery Charger FROM TO ADAPTER SYSTEM 2A NiMH Charge Cycle at 1C 9V LOAD 3k 10µF LTC4010 1.60 42 VCC FAULT TGATE 1.55 40 CHRG (°C) TEMPERATURE BATTERY READY 1.50 38 BGATE 47µH TIMER PGND SINGLE CELL 1.45 VOLTAGE 36 49.9k SENSE 1.40 BATTERY 34 GND 0.05Ω TEMPERATURE CHEM BAT 1.35 2A 32 SINGLE CELL VOLTAGE (V) SINGLE CELL VOLTAGE CHARGE 10µF 10k 10k CURRRENT 1.30 1A 30 VCDIV TOP OFF VCELL 2-CELL 33nF NiMH PACK 1.25 28 WITH 10k NTC 0 20 40 60 80 100 TIME (MINUTES) INTVDD VTEMP 4010 TA01b 0.1µF 68nF 4010 TA01a 4010fb 1 LTC4010 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS PIN CONFIGURATION (Note 1) TOP VIEW VCC (Input Supply) to GND ......................... –0.3V to 36V FAULT 1 16 READY FAULT, CHRG, VCELL, VCDIV, SENSE, BAT or READY to GND ..................... –0.3V to V + 0.3V CHRG 2 15 VCC CC CHEM 3 14 TGATE SENSE to BAT ....................................................... ±0.3V GND 4 13 PGND CHEM, V or TIMER to GND ............... –0.3V to 3.5V 17 TEMP VTEMP 5 12 BGATE PGND to GND ........................................................ ±0.3V VCELL 6 11 INTVDD Operating Ambient Temperature Range VCDIV 7 10 BAT (Note 2) ........................................................ 0°C to 85°C TIMER 8 9 SENSE Operating Junction Temperature (Note 3) ............. 125°C FE PACKAGE Storage Temperature Range .................. –65°C to 150°C 16-LEAD PLASTIC TSSOP TJMAX = 125°C, qJA = 38°C/W Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec)...................300°C EXPOSED PAD (PIN 17) IS GND. MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB TO OBTAIN SPECIFIED THERMAL RESISTANCE ORDER INFORMATION LEAD FREE FINISH TAPE AND REEL PART MARKING PACKAGE DESCRIPTION TEMPERATURE RANGE LTC4010CFE#PBF LTC4010CFE#TRPBF 4010CFE 16-Lead Plastic TSSOP 0°C to 85°C LEAD BASED FINISH TAPE AND REEL PART MARKING PACKAGE DESCRIPTION TEMPERATURE RANGE LTC4010CFE LTC4010CFE#TR 4010CFE 16-Lead Plastic TSSOP 0°C to 85°C Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ For more information on tape and reel specifications, go to: http://www.linear.com/tapeandreel/ E LECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Note 4) The l indicates specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at AT = 25°C. VCC = 12V, BAT = 4.8V, GND = PGND = 0V, unless otherwise noted. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS VCC Supply l VCC Input Voltage Range 4.5 34 V ISHDN Shutdown Quiescent Current (Note 8) VCC = BAT = 4.8V 5 10 µA l IQ Quiescent Current Waiting to Charge (Pause) 3 5 mA l ICC Operating Current Fast Charge State, No Gate Load 5 9 mA l VUVLO Undervoltage Threshold Voltage VCC Increasing 3.85 4.2 4.45 V VUV(HYST) Undervoltage Hysteresis Voltage 170 mV l VSHDNI Shutdown Threshold Voltage VCC – BAT, VCC Increasing 45 65 90 mV l VSHDND Shutdown Threshold Voltage VCC – BAT, VCC Decreasing 15 35 60 mV l VCE Charge Enable Threshold Voltage VCC – BAT, VCC Increasing 400 510 600 mV INTVDD Regulator l VDD Output Voltage No Load 4.5 5 5.5 V l IDD Short-Circuit Current (Note 5) INTVDD = 0V –100 –50 –10 mA l INTVDD(MIN) Output Voltage VCC = 4.5V, IDD = –10mA 3.85 V 4010fb 2 LTC4010 E LECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The l indicates specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at AT = 25°C. VCC = 12V, BAT = 4.8V, GND = PGND = 0V, unless otherwise noted. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS PWM Current Source VFS BAT – SENSE Full-Scale Regulation 0.3V < BAT < VCC – 0.3V (Note 8) 95 100 105 mV Voltage (Fast Charge) BAT = 4.8V l 95 100 105 mV VPC BAT – SENSE Precharge Regulation 0.3V < BAT < VCC – 0.3V (Note 8) 16 20 24 mV Voltage BAT = 4.8V l 16 20 24 mV VTC BAT – SENSE Top-Off Charge 0.3V < BAT < VCC – 0.3V (Note 8) 6.5 10 13.5 mV Regulation Voltage BAT = 4.8V l 6.5 10 13.5 mV ∆VLI BAT – SENSE Line Regulation 5.5V < VCC < 25V, Fast Charge ±0.3 mV IBAT BAT Input Bias Current 0.3V < BAT < VCC – 0.1V –2 2 mA ISENSE SENSE Input Bias Current SENSE = BAT 50 150 µA l IOFF Input Bias Current, (VCELL = 0V) SENSE –1 0 1 µA BAT l 0 2 6 µA l fTYP Typical Switching Frequency 460 550 640 kHz l fMIN Minimum Switching Frequency 20 30 kHz DCMAX Maximum Duty Cycle 98 99 % l VOL(TG) TGATE Output Voltage Low VCC > 9V, No Load 5 5.6 8.75 V l (VCC – TGATE) (Note 6) VCC < 7V, No Load VCC – 0.5 VCC V l VOH(TG) TGATE Output Voltage High VCC – TGATE, No Load 0 50 mV tR(TG) TGATE Rise Time CLOAD = 3nF, 10% to 90% 35 100 ns tF(TG) TGATE Fall Time CLOAD = 3nF, 10% to 90% 45 100 ns l VOL(BG) BGATE Output Voltage Low No Load 0 50 mV l VOH(BG) BGATE Output Voltage High No Load INTVDD INTVDD V – 0.075 tR(BG) BGATE Rise Time CLOAD = 1.6nF, 10% to 90% 30 80 ns tF(BG) BGATE Fall Time CLOAD = 1.6nF, 10% to 90% 15 80 ns ADC Inputs ILEAK Analog Channel Leakage 0V < VCELL < 2V ±100 nA Charger Thresholds l VBP Battery Present Threshold Voltage 320 350 370 mV l VBOV Battery Overvoltage 1.815 1.95 2.085 V l VMFC Minimum Fast Charge Voltage 850 900 950 mV l VFCBF Fast Charge Battery Fault Voltage 1.17 1.22 1.27 V l ∆VTERM –∆V Termination CHEM OPEN (NiCd) 16 20 25 mV CHEM = 0V (NiMH) l 6 10 14 mV l VAR Automatic Recharge Voltage VCELL Decreasing 1.260 1.325 1.390 V l ∆TTERM ∆T Termination (Note 7) CHEM = 3.3V (NiCd) 1.3 2 2.7 °C/min CHEM = 0V (NiMH) l 0.5 1 1.5 °C/min l TMIN Minimum Charging Temperature VTEMP Increasing 0 5 9 °C (Note 7) l TMAXI Maximum Charge Initiation VTEMP Decreasing, Not Charging 41.5 45 47 °C Temperature (Note 7) l TMAXC Maximum Charging Temperature VTEMP Decreasing, Charging 57 60 63 °C (Note 7) l VTEMP(D) VTEMP Disable Threshold Voltage 2.8 3.3 V l VTEMP(P) Pause Threshold Voltage 130 280 mV 4010fb 3 LTC4010 E LECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The l indicates specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at AT = 25°C. VCC = 12V, BAT = 4.8V, GND = PGND = 0V, unless otherwise noted. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS Charger Timing l ∆tTIMER Internal Time Base Error –10 10 % l ∆tMAX Programmable Timer Error RTIMER = 49.9k –20 20 % Status and Chemistry Select l VOL Output Voltage Low (ILOAD = 10mA) VCDIV 435 700 mV All Other Status Outputs l 300 600 mV l ILKG Output Leakage Current All Status Outputs Inactive, VOUT = VCC –10 10 µA l IIH(VCDIV) Input Current High VCDIV = VBAT (Shutdown) –1 1 µA l VIL Input Voltage Low CHEM (NiMH) 900 mV l VIH Input Voltage High CHEM (NiCd) 2.85 V l IIL Input Current Low CHEM = GND –20 –5 µA l IIH Input Current High CHEM = 3.3V –20 20 µA Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings when overtemperature protection is active. Continuous operation above may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute the specified maximum operating junction temperature may result in Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device device degradation or failure.