Suited for Spacewalking A Teacher's Guide with Activities for Technology Education, Mathematics, and Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Human Resources and Education Education Division Washington, DC Education Working Group NASA Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas This publication is in the Public Domain and is not protected by copyright. Permission is not required for duplication. EG- 1998-03- I 12-HQ Deborah A. Shearer Acknowledgments Science Teacher Zue S. Baales Intermediate School This publication was developed for the National Friendswood, Texas Aeronautics and Space Administration by: Sandy Peck Writer/Illustrator: Clear Creek Independent School District Gregory L. V0gt, Ed.D. League City, Texas Crew Educational Affairs Liaison Teaching From Space Program Marilyn L. Fowler, Ph.D. NASA Johnson Space Center Science Project Specialist Houston, TX Charles A. Dana Center University of Texas at Austin Editor: Jane A. George Jeanne Gasiorowski Educational Materials Specialist Manager, NASA Educator Resource Center Teaching From Space Program Classroom of the Future NASA Headquarters Wheeling Jesuit University Washington, DC Wheeling, West Virginia Reviewers: Dr, PeggyHouse Linda Godwin Director, The Glenn T Seaborg NASA Astronaut Center for Teaching and Learning NASA Johnson Space Center Science and Mathematics Northern Michigan University Joseph J. Kosmo Senior Project Engineer Doris K. Grigsby, Ed.D. EVA and Spacesuit Systems Branch AESP Management and Performance NASA Johnson Space Center Specialist for Training Oklahoma State University Philip R. West Project Manager, EVA Tools Flint Wild for the International Space Station Technology Specialist NASA Johnson Space Center Teaching From Space Program Oklahoma State University Cathy A. Gardner Teacher Intern, Teaching From Space Patterson A. Biggs Silbernagel Elementary School Angelo A. Casaburri Dickenson, Texas EvaJ. Farley James E. Pratt Joan Sanders Aerospace Education Specialists Oklahoma State University Suited for Spacewalking--An Activity Gu/de for Technology Education, Mathematics, and Science, EG- 1998-03- I 12-HQ Table of Contents National Education Standards .............................................................. I Introduction ........................................................................... 5 Earth and Space ....................................................................... 7 The Outer Space Environment ............................................................ 9 Spacewalking History ................................................................... I I The Space Shuttle EMU ................................................................. 17 Working In Space ...................................................................... 3 I EVAs on the International Space Station ..................................................... 37 Future Spacesuits ...................................................................... 39 Activities Designing Spacesuits for Mars ......................................................... 43 Introduction ....................................................................... 44 Design Brief ....................................................................... 47 Interface Control Document (Master) ................................................... 49 Interface Control Document (Sample) ................................................... 50 Teacher Tech Briefs ................................................................. 5 I Exploration Briefs .................................................................. 63 Idea Bank ......................................................................... 89 Glossary ............................................................................. 95 References ........................................................................... 97 NASA Educational Resources ............................................................. 99 Go for EVA! .......................................................................... I0 I Evaluation Reply Card ................................................................. Insert Suitedfor Spacewalking--AnActivity Guidefor TechnologyEducation,Mathematics,andScience,EG-1998-03-I 12-HQ ,_t f National Education Standards The activities set forth in this curriculum supplement address national standards for science and mathe- matics, and the universals of technology for technology education. The matrices that follow specifically identify the standards by activity. The standards for science and mathematics in grades 4-8 and 9-12 have been combined. Universals of Technology International Technology Education Association, 1996" Technological Processes - Technological design - Developing and Producing Technological Systems - Utilizing and Managing Technological Systems - Assessing the Impact and Consequences of Technological Systems Technological Knowledge - Technological Concepts and 141 l I 1 1 L I I ! I_dl-41 Principles - Nature and Listingof Technology - Linkages 4 , ,/ _/ J. _ 4 ,/ ,7 , Technological Contexts - InformationaISystemsPhysical Systems _ t _ - Biological and Chemical Systems _/ _ 1 *The Standards for Technology Education are still under development Suitedfor SpacewalkingAn Activity Guidefor TechnologyEducation,Mathematics,andScience,EG-1998-03-I 12-HQ * i National Science Education Standards National Research Council, 1996 Grades 4-12 Science as Inquiry - Abilities Necessary to do Scientific Inquiry Physical Science - Properties and Changes of L_I___L_ I t4 I 1 I 1 1 I J Properties in Matter - Motions and Forces - Transfer of Energy - Interactions of Energy and Matter Life Science - Structure and Function in Living Systems Earth and Space Science - Earth in the Solar System E_ I i ! L I 1 I 1 1 I I ] Science and Technology - Abilities of Technological Design - Understanding about Science and Technology Science in Personal and Social Perspectives - Populations, Resources, and Environments - Risks and Benefits - Natural and Human-Induced Hazards 2 • Suited for Spacewalking An Activity Guide for Technology Education, Mathematics, and Science, EG-1998-03-112-HQ National Mathematics Standards National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1989 Grades 4-12 Mathematics as Problem Solving Mathematics as Communication Mathematics as Reasoning Mathematical Connection Computation and Estimation Algebra Geometry Measurement Suitedfor SpacewalkingAn Activity Guidefor TechnologyEducation,Mathematics,andScience,EG-1998-03-112-HQ• 3 V Spacewalking has captured the imagination of at other subject areas, teachers of physical science generations of children and adults since science- and mathematics will find the Exploration Briefs fiction authors first placed their characters on the and the Idea Bank useful as a source of actMty ideas. Moon. But true spacewalking did not actually begin The guide begins with brief discussions of the until the mid-1960s with the exploits of Alexei A. space environment, the history of spacewalking, Leonov of the Soviet Union and Edward H. White II NASA's current spacesuit, and work that astronauts do of the United States. Since those first tentative during spacewalks. These are followed by a technology probings outside a space capsule, astronauts and cos- education design brief that challenges students to monauts have logged thousands of hours on extrave- design and build a spacesuit prototype for an extrater- hicular activities, and some have even walked on the restrial environment no human has ever visited before. surface of the Moon. The stories of their missions in In the process of doing this, students will have to inves- space are fascinating, but just as interesting is the tigate the properties of that environment and determine spacesuit technology that made it possible for them what protective measures must be taken to permit a to "walk" in space. future explorer to work there safely. Once accomplished, Today, spacesuits are used by astronauts on students will choose materials and technologies that can many missions such as servicing the Hubble Space be used for constructing and testing the prototype. The Telescope and retrieving satellites. The new design brief is followed by Teacher Tech Briefs that International Space Station will depend upon astro- provide a source of ideas on how to build spacesuit test nauts and cosmonauts to conduct over 1,200 hours apparatus and by Exploration Briefs that provide activ- ofspacewalks over the next several years to assemble it), frameworks to help students understand important and maintain Space Station components. Although topics in spacesuit design. no firm plans exist, NASA hopes to return to the The guide concludes with a glossary of terms, Moon to establish a permanent base and later begin suggested reading list, NASA educational resources human surface exploration of Mars. Each of these including electronic resources, and an evaluation ventures places distinct demands on spacesuits sys- questionnaire. We would appreciate your assistance in tems and the tools astronauts use. improving this guide in future editions by completing This publication serves as a guide for technolo- the feedback questionnaire electronically or mailing gy education teachers. While not specificaUy aimed the form to us. Suited for Spacewalking An Activity Guide for Technology Education, Mathematics, and Science, EG- 1998-03- I 12-HQ • 5 Measurement unit for pressure may be unfamiliar to readers. A pascal is equal to a force of one newton exerted over This activity