The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project RICHARD A. DWYER Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: July 12, 1990 Copyright 1998 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background hicago Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School US Army Entered Foreign Service 1957 IN, Damascus, Syria 19-.-19-0 United Ara1 ,epu1lic Egyptian influence 2es Polk oups British and French influence Tapline Baath Party Ara1ists Israeli pro1lem Palestinians Soviet influence airo, Egypt 19-0-19-- Am1assador 3ohn Badeau AID ,esource analysis program Am1assador 2ucius Battle EU,, Scandinavian Affairs 19---197. 4ift to Finland Sophia, Bulgaria 197.-1972 Environment 1 EU,, Polish desk 1972-1974 had 1974-1977 D 78 charg9 Ara1 influence French influence AID Peace orps Tom1al1aye ivil War Soviet influence :7atelot; em1arrassment 2i1yan pro1lem US military aid oups Inspection orps 1977-1978 Expenditure of resources 4eorgetown, 4uyana 1978-198. Am1assador 3ohn Burke D 7 3im 3ones>s People>s Temple 2iving conditions 7ixed population Prime 7inister Fo1es Burnham 3onestown ,elations with 3onestown Allegations and rumors re 3onestown Impressions of 3onestown ,acial makeup of 3onestown omplaints against 3onestown ongressman ,yan>s visit 3im 3ones ill? 7ark 2ane visit Privacy Act US press and TV presence Flight to 3onestown ,yan interviews 3onestown residents ,yan departure from 3onestown Situation :unravels; ,yan attacked ,yan and others murdered Dwyer and others wounded 2 haos :White Night; at 3onestown Post-mortem : leaning up; 4uyanese 4overnment attitude 7artiniAue 198.-1980 A,A, ari11ean Affairs 1984 INTERVIEW Q: This is an interview with Richard A. Dwyer. I am Charles Stuart Kennedy and this is being done on behalf of the Foreign Affairs Oral History Program. I wonder if you could tell me a bit about your bac-ground. .here did you come from/ DWBE,C I was born in hicago, the su1ur1s of hicago, and raised in a small town in Indiana, 7ichigan ity, a1out 5. miles outside of hicago. I went to pu1lic high school in 7ichigan ity, and had four years of college at Dartmouth and then a couple of years at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton for an 7PA and then directly into the Foreign Service--interrupted briefly by the army and then back. Q: Did you get any overseas in the army/ DWBE,C No, none whatsoever. Q: How did you become interested in foreign affairs/ DWBE,C I had been interested in foreign affairs all through high school. I had participated in several mock United Nations conferences sponsored by, I canEt think who now, I guess the ,otary or some service clu1 in incinnati. I had gone to summer school at the University of 4eneva after graduating from high school, and I spent a summer working in the vineyards in Burgundy while I was in college. I had always intended to do that. 7y father had a manufacturing business and I had two older brothers. I certainly did not want to be the youngest brother in that. I was the youngest child, actually. I had looked at three or four different things. The IA, which I found not to my taste, not that I really knew much a1out it because as I recall the interviewer at graduate school said we wonEt tell you what you do until after we hire you. The only real runner up to the Foreign Service was what was then the Office of the Budget, which was in the mid-5.Es a very attractive place with a lot of interesting people, high-powered young people, but I think the travel in the Foreign Service and the world at large were the main things. I took the exam in the Spring of my first year at Princeton. 0 Q: This was when you were at the .oodrow .ilson School/ DWBE,C Bes, the Woodrow Wilson School was a two-year and a summer program for a 7asters in Pu1lic Affairs designed specifically at that time for people who were not going on to academic life. At that time I think we had a1out 15 people in my class at the graduate school. Now that I think a1out it was 195- that I took the exam because I remem1er vividly that a couple of people flunked out but came into the Foreign Service 1y being promoted when the WristoniFation people... Q: This was the three and a half day e0am wasn1t it/ DWBE,C Bes, I guess it was--no, I donEt think it was. I only remem1er a dayEs exam. It was extra long because they inadvertently gave us the civil service exam first and when we were done with it they apologiFed and said, GBou that the wrong exam. Do you want to wait until the next time it is given or shall we start at it now?G So we started at it Gnow.G It was a long, long day. It seemed like three days, I must say. Q: I have here that you came in in 1928, was that right/ DWBE,C No, not Auite. I came in in August, 1957 and had the basic training course and then went on leave to go into the army for six months as a reserve and then I came back in August of E58 so in effect I did begin in 1958. Q: In 1928 your first assignment was where/ DWBE,C To the Office of Functional and Biographic Intelligence as a lass 8, executive assistant to the Office Director. At the time it was the largest office in the Bureau of Intelligence and ,esearch largely because it still had the biographic record keeping function, but a few years later it was given over to the Agency. Q: .hat were you doing mainly/ DWBE,C 7y jo1 was basically a staff aide jo1. I ran the office for the Office Director. Helped his secretaries schedule his meetings, read his mail and sorted it for him and tried to separate what was important from what was not. Basically a general helpmate including stealing a davenport from another office. Q: .ho was Director of the Office/ DWBE,C Well, it was one of the very many 3ohnsons. ,ichard A. 3ohnson who had been Deputy hief of 7ission in 7adrid and he came back to be Director of the Office. He had spent a large part of his career in 2atin America and Spain. 4 Q: Did you get any feel, I mean this is your first time loo-ing at the organi3ation, of the role INR played there, did you feel you were off in a obscure corner or did you feel that you were involved in things, or at least your office was involved in things/ DWBE,C Well, I didnEt feel that I was off in an o1scure corner, I HNEW I was off in an o1scure corner. But the whole Bureau at that time, and pro1a1ly largely still, is a somewhat o1scure part of the Department of State. At that time, however, I think of my entering class--2. or 0. people--there were no more than one or two that were assigned overseas because of the integration of the civil service. Q: This is the .riston program/ DWBE,C The WristoniFation had largely filled up the overseas slots and I actually considered myself lucky because it was an interesting jo1 and I had several of my classmates who were assigned to the passport offices. One poor fellow from El Paso who I think had joined the Foreign Service to get away from a mother-in-law, found himself 1ack in El Paso, or wherever it was, issuing passports to all his friends who went to Europe on occasion. Q: .ell, your first overseas assignment was to Damascus in 1950 where you served until 1953. DWBE,C Bes. Q: How did that come about/ DWBE,C Well, inadvertently, I must say. There was a brief assignment between. I had a chance to work on the Antarctic Treaty program for the duration of the Antarctic Treaty until early 19-.. It was very interesting. One of the few real world treaty conferences that wasnEt under the auspice of the United Nations and it was a great experience. I had naively reAuested a French speaking post. Personnel decided that Saigon would be a nice place for me. I was not too keen on Saigon and to my surprise they came up with Damascus which never entered my mind. I was thinking of Algeria or 7orocco. They needed someone in Damascus badly because my predecessor had resigned mid-tour and went home so it was one of those things that if you can go tomorrow you can have it. So, we left. Q: .hat was the situation in Syria at that time/ .e are tal-ing about the early 1950s. DWBE,C Syria at that time was still part of the United Ara1 ,epu1lic which consisted of Syria and Egypt. I canEt recall now, but at one point there was Bemen in there. Q: It was always coming in and out. 5 DWBE,C Bes, yes, they were sewing stars on the flag and taking them off. In fact it was a fascinating time to be there. A year after we got there on Septem1er 28, 19-1, as I recall, the Syrians in effect revolted and Syria became an independent country again. For a period of another year and a half or so, Syria had a more or less democratic government for the last time since the Baaths took over in 19-0. So you had, unfortunately a series of governments that were trying to find their way, but for a junior officer on a first assignment this country was a great place to be.