Catalogue no. 98M0001X 2016 Census Public Use Microdata File (PUMF) Individuals File Documentation and User guide Statistics Statistique Canada Canada 2 Table of contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Chapter 1 Record Layout ............................................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 2 Variable descriptions ................................................................................................................. 11 Demography ........................................................................................................................................ 11 Mobility ............................................................................................................................................... 13 Aboriginal Population ......................................................................................................................... 17 Ethnic origin and visible minority ....................................................................................................... 20 Language ............................................................................................................................................. 26 Place of birth, immigration and citizenship ........................................................................................ 46 Education ............................................................................................................................................ 58 Labour Market Activities ..................................................................................................................... 70 Journey to Work ................................................................................................................................. 78 Income ................................................................................................................................................ 85 Families and family composition ..................................................................................................... 108 Households ....................................................................................................................................... 112 Dwelling: Housing and shelter cost .................................................................................................. 114 Geography ........................................................................................................................................ 120 Identifier ............................................................................................................................................ 122 Weighting .......................................................................................................................................... 123 Chapter 3 Sampling method, estimation and data quality ..................................................................... 126 Chapter 4 Other factors affecting data reliability ................................................................................... 139 Appendices ............................................................................................................................................... 163 Appendix A: Countries and areas of interest disseminated in the 2016 Census of Population ........ 163 Appendix B: Mother tongue and home language: 2016 Census classification ................................. 169 Appendix C: Ethnic origins disseminated in the 2016 Census ........................................................... 175 Appendix D: Countries of citizenship disseminated in the 2016 Census of Population ................... 182 How to obtain more information......................................... ................................................................... 187 3 Introduction The 2016 Census public use microdata file (PUMF) on individuals contains 930,421 records, representing 2.7% of the Canadian population. These records were drawn from a sample of one quarter of the Canadian population (sample data from questionnaire 2A-L). The 2016 PUMF contains 123 variables. Of these, 92 variables, or 75%, come from the individual universe and 31 variables, or 25%, are drawn from the family, household and dwelling universes. In addition, the file contains a unique record identifier (ID), an individual weighting factor and 16 replicate weights for the purpose of estimating sampling variability. The file does not include people living in institutions; Canadian citizens living temporarily in other countries; full-time members of the Canadian Forces stationed outside Canada; persons living in institutional collective dwellings such as hospitals, nursing homes and penitentiaries; and persons living in non-institutional collective dwellings such as work camps, hotels and motels, and student residences. This user guide is divided into four chapters: Chapter 1 contains the record layout, an indispensable tool for using the file. Chapter 2 describes the variables contained in the file. Chapters 3 and 4 respectively deal with the sampling method and factors affecting data quality and reliability. Similar to what was done in 2011, Statistics Canada has decided to produce individual and hierarchical PUMF files for the 2016 Census. The hierarchical file will contain combined data from the individual, family, household and dwelling universes and will be made available in mid-2019. Census reference products and materials 1. Response rates 2016 Census of Population collection response rates The methodology used for the 2016 Census differs from the one used for the voluntary 2011 National Household Survey, which may affect the comparability of the 2016 results to 2011. The collection response rate for the 2016 Census long form was 97.8%, the best ever recorded. This response rate enables the provision of high-quality information for virtually all communities in Canada. 2. Census Dictionary http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/dict/index-eng.cfm The Census Dictionary is a reference document which contains detailed definitions of concepts, universes, variables, and geographic terms used in the Census. By referring to the Census Dictionary, both beginner and intermediate data users will gain a better understanding of the data. 4 3. Reference guides The reference guides provide information that enables users to effectively use, apply and interpret data from the 2016 Census of Population. Each guide contains definitions and explanations of concepts, classifications, data quality and comparability to other sources. Additional information is included for specific variables to help general users better understand the concepts and questions used in the Census. Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/guides/009/98-500-x2016009-eng.cfm Education Reference Guide http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/guides/013/98-500-x2016013-eng.cfm Ethnic Origin Reference Guide http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/guides/008/98-500-x2016008-eng.cfm Families Reference Guide http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/guides/002/98-500-x2016002-eng.cfm Housing Reference Guide http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/guides/005/98-500-x2016005-eng.cfm Income Reference Guide http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/guides/004/98-500-x2016004-eng.cfm Journey to Work Reference Guide http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/guides/011/98-500-x2016011-eng.cfm Labour Reference Guide http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/guides/012/98-500-x2016012-eng.cfm Languages Reference Guide http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/guides/003/98-500-x2016003-eng.cfm Mobility and Migration Reference Guide http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/guides/010/98-500-x2016010-eng.cfm Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/guides/007/98-500-x2016007-eng.cfm Structural Type of Dwelling and Collectives Reference Guide http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/guides/001/98-500-x2016001-eng.cfm Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/guides/006/98-500-x2016006-eng.cfm 4. Other reference products and materials Guide to the Census of Population, 2016 http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/98-304/index-eng.cfm 5 2016 Census of Population questionnaires and reporting guides http://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvInstrumentList&Id=152274 Incompletely enumerated Indian reserves and Indian settlements http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/dq-qd/iir-rii-eng.cfm For a complete list of reference products and materials regarding the 2016 Census, please see the following: http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/index-eng.cfm PUMF considerations 1. Data confidentiality It is important for Statistics Canada to protect the confidential information that it collects. Owing to the very nature of a microdata file, various actions are taken to fulfil this commitment. a. Reduced level of detail The smallest geographic unit in the 2016 PUMF is the census metropolitan area (CMA). Data at the scale of