Impacts 08 Team Dr Beatriz García, Director Ruth Melville, Programme Manager Pete Campbell, Programme Assistant Document Reference: Impacts 08 (2007) Baseline Findings 2006/07 Impacts 08 Baseline Findings 2006/07 March 2007 Impacts 08 is a joint programme of the University of Liverpool and Liverpool John Moores University Commissioned by Liverpool City Council Impacts 08 | Baseline Findings 2006/07 | Table of contents The Impacts 08 Team Dr Beatriz García, Director Ruth Melville, Senior Research Fellow Pete Campbell, Programme Assistant Document reference: Impacts 08 (March 2007) Baseline Report 2006/07 [available online: www.impacts08.net] 1 Impacts 08 - The Liverpool Model, European Capital of Culture Research Programme www.impacts08.net Impacts 08 | Baseline Findings 2006/07 | Table of contents Table of Contents Index: 1. Introduction and Report Overview .................................................................................................................. 5 1.1. Impacts 08 Brief: Core aims, objectives and outline for the research ..................................................... 5 1.2. The Impacts 08 Proposal: A New Model for Culture-led Regeneration Research ................................... 6 1.3. The Research Framework ...................................................................................................................... 8 1.4. Reporting and dissemination................................................................................................................... 9 1.5. Research progress .................................................................................................................................10 1.6. Report overview .....................................................................................................................................11 1.7. Terminology and main acronyms ...........................................................................................................13 2. Economic Impacts and Processes ................................................................................................................14 2.1. Strength of the Local Economy ..............................................................................................................14 2.2. Employment and Skills Levels ...............................................................................................................16 2.3. Strength and Sustainability of the Local Business Base ........................................................................19 2.4. Impacts of Tourism ................................................................................................................................21 2.5. Inequality in Economic Impact ...............................................................................................................24 3. The City‟s Cultural System ............................................................................................................................27 3.1. What is the City‟s Cultural System? .......................................................................................................27 3.2. Profile of the Sector ...............................................................................................................................29 3.3. Sustainability of the System ...................................................................................................................42 3.4. The Contribution of Liverpool Culture Company ....................................................................................44 4. Cultural Access and Participation ..................................................................................................................46 4.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................46 4.2. Data Collection Issues ...........................................................................................................................47 4.3. Levels of Interest in and Attitudes to Culture..........................................................................................47 4.4. Cultural Participation in the City and in the European Capital of Culture programme ............................47 4.5. Audience and Performer Composition ...................................................................................................48 4.6. Audience Origin .....................................................................................................................................53 4.7. Impacts of cultural participation..............................................................................................................54 4.8. Developing and Enhancing Cultural Participation ..................................................................................56 5. Identity, Image, and Place .............................................................................................................................60 5.1. Media representations of Liverpool: press content analysis ...................................................................60 5.2. Personal interpretations of Liverpool‟s positioning: perception surveys .................................................70 5.3. Institutional discourses and community representations ........................................................................73 6. Physical Infrastructure and Sustainability of the City .....................................................................................74 6.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................74 6.2. Major Infrastructure Projects ..................................................................................................................75 6.3. Use, Quality and Maintenance of the Public Realm ...............................................................................76 6.4. Physical Infrastructure of Culture ...........................................................................................................77 6.5. The Use of the Heritage Environment ....................................................................................................78 6.6. Environmental Sustainability Impacts ....................................................................................................78 6.7. Transport and Travel Infrastructure ........................................................................................................78 2 Impacts 08 - The Liverpool Model, European Capital of Culture Research Programme www.impacts08.net Impacts 08 | Baseline Findings 2006/07 | Table of contents Figures: Section 2. Economic Impacts and Processes Figure 2-1:GVA per head - actual (1996-2004) and forecast (2004+) ...............................................................15 Figure 2-2: Liverpool house prices indexed to England and Wales ...................................................................16 Figure 2-3: Overall employment rate (working age) (1997/98 - 2004/05) ..........................................................17 Figure 2-4: Merseyside Enterprise Count (1999-2005) .....................................................................................19 Figure 2-5: New firm start up and failure rates relative to the UK (1995-2003) .................................................20 Figure 2-6: Distribution of Merseyside members of 08businessconnect ...........................................................21 Figure 2-7: Breakdown in visitor spend per day ................................................................................................22 Figure 2-8: Hotel occupancy rates ....................................................................................................................23 Figure 2-9: Purpose of visit ...............................................................................................................................24 Figure 2-10: Map of IMD2004 across SOAs in Liverpool ..................................................................................26 Section 3. The City’s Cultural System Figure 3-1: Sectors composing the „city‟s cultural system‟ ................................................................................28 Figure 3-2: Employment in the cultural system as a % of total employment volume .........................................30 Figure 3-3: Workplace units in the cultural system as a % of total workplace units ...........................................31 Figure 3-4: Employment volume in „DCMS Creative Industries‟ as a % of total employment volume ...............32 Figure 3-5: Workplace units in „DCMS Creative Industries‟ as a % of total workplace units ..............................32 Figure 3-6: Total number of workplace units in Liverpool‟s cultural system – by sector ....................................33 Figure 3-7: Employment volume in Liverpool‟s cultural system – by sector ......................................................33 Figure 3-8: % of total population employed in the cultural system.....................................................................34 Figure 3-9: Change in composition of sectoral employment in the cultural system ...........................................34 Figure 3-10: Change in composition of workplace units in the cultural system .................................................35