Seventh Year Progress Report for NASA Cooperative Agreement NNX12AD05A December 31, 2018 ARC-CREST (Ames Research Center Cooperative for Research in Earth Science and Technology) Earth Science Focus NASA Technical Officer – Dr. J. Ryan Spackman/[email protected] NSSC Grant Officer – Libby A. Romaguera/ [email protected] Prepared By: Dr. Robert W. Bergstrom Principal Investigator Bay Area Environmental Research Institute P.O. Box 25 Moffett Field, CA 94035 (707) 938-9387 Period of Performance: 3/1/18 to 2/28/19 i ARC-CREST (AMES RESEARCH CENTER COOPERATIVE FOR RESEARCH IN EARTH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY) Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................... 1 ARC-CREST Partners .................................................................................. 3 ARC-CREST Staff ........................................................................................ 3 Earth Science Focus Areas ......................................................................... 5 Aerosol Modeling ............................................................................................................................6 Aerosol Remote Sensing ..................................................................................................................7 Aerosol Cloud Ecosystem Polarimeter Working Group (ACEPWG) ............................................9 Agriculture, Health, and Marine Applied Sciences .......................................................................10 Alpha Jet Atmospheric Experiment (AJAX) ................................................................................14 Bioengineering ...............................................................................................................................15 Carbon Monitoring Systems (CMS) ..............................................................................................16 Cross-track Infrared Sounder Observations of Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (CrIS PAN) .......................19 Distributed Spacecraft Autonomy (DSA) .....................................................................................20 Earth System Data Records ..........................................................................................................21 5STAR/Engineering Science .........................................................................................................22 4STAR and Satellite Data Analysis ...............................................................................................23 GEONEX .......................................................................................................................................28 NASA Earth Exchange (NEX) .....................................................................................................29 Ocean Biology ...............................................................................................................................33 ORACLES .....................................................................................................................................35 Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 Errors/Profiles (OCO-2 E/OCO-2 P) .........................................37 Plant Physiology ............................................................................................................................38 Sentinel-2 .......................................................................................................................................40 Space Traffic Management ............................................................................................................41 Terrestrial Ecosystem and Carbon Simulation Modeling ..............................................................42 Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) ................................................................................43 U.S. Coral Reef Task Force (USCRTF) .......................................................................................44 ii ARC-CREST (AMES RESEARCH CENTER COOPERATIVE FOR RESEARCH IN EARTH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY) Earth Science Applied Sciences Program .................................................. 46 Disaster Management ....................................................................................................................47 Ecological Forecasting ...................................................................................................................51 Indigenous Knowledge ..................................................................................................................53 Water Resources Program..............................................................................................................54 Heliophysics .............................................................................................. 57 Heliophysics Modeling and Simulation .........................................................................................58 Biology ...................................................................................................... 61 Space Synthetic Biology and Astrobiology ...................................................................................62 Airborne Science and Mission Support ..................................................... 64 Airborne Science Advanced Planning ...........................................................................................65 Aircraft Remote Sensing ................................................................................................................66 Earth Science Project Office (ESPO) ...........................................................................................66 Meteorological Measurement Systems (MMS) ............................................................................68 Meteorological Support .................................................................................................................69 NSRC Mission Operations ............................................................................................................71 Education and Outreach Activity .............................................................. 78 Applied Remote Sensing Training (ARSET) ................................................................................79 CSUMB Educational Program .......................................................................................................80 DEVELOP .....................................................................................................................................83 Student Airborne Research Program (SARP) ................................................................................84 Publications and Presentations ................................................................ 88 Glossary ..................................................................................................... 99 iii Introduction The Cooperative Agreement creating the Ames Research Center Cooperative for Research in Earth Science and Technology (“ARC-CREST”) provides on page 16 (Required Publications and Reports) that a progress report is due annually, 60 days prior to the anniversary date of the grant/cooperative agreement. Accordingly, we present the following progress report for the seventh year of this Cooperative Agreement. The primary task of ARC-CREST is to work cooperatively with NASA Ames Research Center’s Earth Science Division and related groups to achieve NASA’s strategic Earth Science objectives. These objectives include: (1) the conduct of research into fundamental questions related to the atmosphere, the oceans, the biosphere, and Earth’s land masses; (2) the use of informational and computational sciences to visualize, analyze, and interpret Earth Science data; (3) the application of technology necessary for Earth Science research; and (4) the provision of outreach and education to the general public regarding Earth Science. In the seventh year of the ARC-CREST cooperative agreement, the current participants, Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (“BAERI”) and California State University Monterey Bay (“CSUMB”) worked to achieve each of these objectives. The ARC-CREST scientific team, working closely with the Ames Earth Science Division, participated in project areas covering the gamut of Earth Science research. ARC-CREST scientists used NASA resources to measure atmospheric carbon dioxide, study tropospheric ozone production, coastal ocean biology, space weather, solar physics, plant physiology, and synthetic biology. They also continued to develop and use cutting edge technology to advance Earth Science. The NASA Earth Exchange (NEX) project used NASA’s supercomputing capability to provide online collaborative space to researchers around the world, providing dramatically increasing access to vast amounts of data collected by NASA satellites. In the Carbon Monitoring Systems (CMS) project, ARC-CREST scientists used the NEX computing capability and Landsat data to generate predictions of maximum forest height for forested areas across the continental U.S. ARC-CREST scientists also worked with NASA to use data collected for Earth Science Research on a range of projects that have practical applications. For example, through the Ecological Forecasting project, there were important accomplishments in agricultural productivity, water management, earthquake response, and many other important areas. Our scientists also continued to adapt