A superfluid Theory of Everything? Marco Fedi To cite this version: Marco Fedi. A superfluid Theory of Everything?. 2016. hal-01312579v3 HAL Id: hal-01312579 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01312579v3 Preprint submitted on 29 Jul 2016 (v3), last revised 3 May 2017 (v4) HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License A superuid Theory of Everything? July 29, 2016 Marco Fedi1 Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy Abstract If a real vacuum doesn't exist in quantum physics [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], by describing it as a superuid quantum space (SQS), quantum gravity can arise from attraction of space's quanta into massive particles, when they are considered superuid vortices, i.e. dynamic topological defects of SQS, given its non-zero viscosity. Gauss's law for gravity mathemati- cally supports this hypothesis, since it denes the gravitational eld as an incoming ux, and the plausibility of this mechanism has been also con- rmed through a set of CFD simulations. In this case, the gravitational eld would be an incoming ow of space's quanta and this leads to the formulation of a uid equivalence principle, able to show that gravity may be the origin of all relativistic eects, also in special relativity, producing a simplication in the theory of relativity. It is discussed how the hydrody- namics of a SQS would be able to replace Einstein's curved spacetime and to explain gravitational waves. Not less important, when considering a uid space, this hypothesis would not conict with the Michelson-Morley test and would open up a new scenario on the nature of light and on Hub- ble's law. A simple test is suggested to proof uid quantum gravity and its consequences. Among these, the mechanism of SQ absorption would automatically lead to the unication of the four fundamental interactions, making us reinterpret the universe as a uid phenomenon, from subatomic to cosmic scale. [email protected]; [email protected] 1 Contents 1 Fluid quantum gravity and relativity. 3 1.1 Introduction . .3 1.2 Gravity as a hydrodynamic phenomenon in a superuid quantum space. .3 1.3 The Michelson-Morley test: does the ether wind correspond to the gravitational eld? . .7 1.4 Simplifying the theory of relativity. Gravity as the only cause of all relativistic eects. .7 1.4.1 Fluid principle of equivalence: is relativistic mass increase rather a matter of drag weight? ..............7 1.5 Time dilation as the action of weight and drag weight on clocks. 10 1.6 Photon as a phonon through a superuid quantum space. 11 1.6.1 Reinterpretation of Lorentz factor, mass-energy equiva- lence and Hubble's law. 13 1.7 Gravitational waves as negative pulses through a superuid quan- tum space. 16 1.8 Twin paradox. 17 1.9 Black holes. 17 1.10 Verication . 18 2 Appearance of fundamental particles as vortices in a superuid quantum space and emergence of quantum potential. 20 2.1 Vacuum uctuations as vortices in a SQS? . 23 3 Unication of the fundamental interactions as a direct conse- quence of uid quantum gravity. 24 3.1 Gravity-electromagnetism unication. 24 3.1.1 Interpretation of the ne-structure constant in SQS. 29 3.2 Weak interaction. 30 3.3 Strong interaction and quantum chromodynamics. 31 3.4 Baryon asymmetry explained? . 33 4 Conclusion 34 2 1 Fluid quantum gravity and relativity. 1.1 Introduction A hypothesis has been formulated, according to which, vacuum is a quantum superuid [6, 7, 8, 9], here referred to as superuid quantum space (SQS), an ubiquitous fundamental scalar eld. Excitations in this eld would be vortices, similarly to nanovortices occurring in superuid helium-4 [12, 15], thus dynamic topological defects of SQS [6, 7, 10](2). These vortices would match the ele- mentary particles of the Standard Model, whose spin would correspond to the circulation of space's quanta (SQ) occurring in the vortex (see for example g.14 for a visual representation of spin ½) and would be the origin of quantum po- tential [34](2). Because of the non-zero viscosity of quantum space, massive particles, as vortices, attract the surrounding SQ, generating a force eld which corresponds to the gravitational eld 2 (g.1). This hypothesis is supported by Gauss's law for gravity, which describes the gravitational eld as an incoming radial ux and allows us to replace general relativity's curved spacetime with a uid space (g. 2, 3, 4), whose hydrodynamics also determines time, as a chain of discrete uid phenomena on Planck scale. Such a uid quantum gravity, would imply a uid equivalence principle (1.4.1), according to which a moving body would be subject to an apparent gravitational eld acting in the opposite direction to motion. This would explain the role of velocity in special relativity as the action of gravity (drag weight, interpreted as mass increase) and would indicate that gravity is the cause of all relativistic eects. The speed of light would correspond to that of a pulse through SQS (1.6), without breaching the outcome of the Michelson-Morley test, since in this case the ether wind would exactly correspond to the gravitational eld and this would justify the bending of light and other known relativistic eects. To compensate the absorption of SQ in the vortices, emission of virtual photons would occur (g.14), capable of explaining the existence of charged particles (3.1). On the other hand, when no emission occurs we observe β- decay (3.2), due to energy imbalance. The exchange of discrete packets of SQ (interpreted as gluons) between two adjacent vortices with mutual spins would lastly justify the strong interaction (3.3), leading to the complete unication of the four fundamental forces. 1.2 Gravity as a hydrodynamic phenomenon in a super- uid quantum space. Once Gauss's law for gravity is applied to a SQS, we automatically obtain an eective, and the simplest, theory of quantum gravity and quantum relativity without resorting to strings, extra dimensions or gravitons. A set of CFD sim- ulations (see further data in the annex) has been performed and has conrmed 2See also Consoli, Pappalardo [36] and Sarfatti, Levit [38] for similar points of view. 3 that the situation shown in g.1 agrees with Gauss's law for gravity and New- ton's law of universal gravitation. Navier-Stokes equations representing mass, momentum and energy have been used: Figure 1: Two particles move the one toward the other since they're absorbing the uid (SQS) which they're immersed in (here in a 2D reduction). This phenomenon is in direct agreement with Gauss's law for gravity: . @V g · dA = −4πGM ! @(u ) j = 0 (1) @xj p @(u u ) @ ρ µ @ @u @u i j = − + i + j (2) @xj @xi ρ @xj @xj @xi @((ρE + p)u ) @ @T j = −k (3) @xj @xj @xj The condition of two stationary spheres immersed in an incompressible uid was set and the pressure integral of the forces acting on them was calculated. The analysis took into account the response to absorption velocity and to dis- tance between the spheres. To simplify the simulations, the system was reduced as showed in g. 23 (annex). The attractive force produced by pressure forces and momentum, where A corresponds to the surface of the inner sphere and d~ is the unit vector for the distance between the spheres, is represented by the following equation: ~ ~ Fa = (p + ρ(~u · ~n)(~u · d))dA~ · d (4) ˆA The analysis of velocity and pressure, with respect to the distance (radius) from the absorbing sphere is illustrated in g. 17 and the diagrams in g. 25, 26, 27 and 28 (annex) show an inverse quadratic dependence on distance and a quadratic dependence on the ow velocity. Renement of computational grid and domain enlargement helped to reduce the curvature of the ow lines, up to a virtually radial ow (g. 24). The behavior of the attractive force shown by this analysis is concordant with Newton's law of universal gravitation, since the attractive force decreases with distance (radius) according to an inverse square law and quadratically grows 4 according to the velocity of the ux (g. 24, 25, 26). Two equal spheres have been considered, corresponding to equal masses in Newton's law. Moreover, a sphere absorbing the uid in which it is immersed generates a radial attraction eld equal to the Schwarzschild solution, 2Gm−1 2Gm ds2 = 1 − dr2 + r2(dθ2 + sin2 θdφ2) − c2 1 − dt2 (5) c2r c2r suggesting that the metric tensor of GR may be expressed through uid dynamic forces. Fluid quantum space whose hydrodynamics produces time and inuences it through gravity (likewise described as a uid phenomenon) instead of a deformable geometric spacetime (g. 2, 3, 4). Figure 2: how the presence of a massive body curves spacetime (a) or absorbs uid quantum space (b), here in analogy with a bell-mouth spillway. Figure 3: the Lense-Thirring eect according to Einstein's curved spacetime (a) and to uid dynamics (b). Here as an analogy with the Coriolis eect in a cyclone.