I AM WARM PROJECT ALIYAR SUB BASIN INDEX Sl.No. Description of Item Pages 1 Executive Summary 2 to 37 2 Introduction 38 to 43 3 Scope of the Project 44 to 48 4 Hydrology 49 to 59 5 Hydraulics of the Component 60 to 69 6 Command Area and Water Users Association 70 to 75 7 Designs 76 to 79 8 Project Proposals 8.1. Water Resources Organisation 80 to 89 8.2. Agricultural Engineering Department 90 to 105 8.3. Agricultural Marketing & Agri. Business 106 to 143 8.4. Agricultural Department 144 to 173 8.5. Animal Husbandry Department 174 to 205 8.6. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University 206 to 227 8.7. Horticultural Department 228 to 252 8.8. Fisheries Department 253 to 258 8.9. Environmental Cells 259 to 271 9. Project Cost 272 to 273 10. Financial Programme 273 to 275 11. Economic Analysis 276 to 278 12. Annexure I – Maps 279 13. Annexure II – Photos 280 14. Annexure III – WUA Representation 281 15. Annexure IV – Map showing the Line 282 Department Activities 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 Executive Summary Introduction The Parambikulam Aliyar Project is an interstate Water Resources Development project carried out jointly by the states of Tamilnadu and Kerala . The objective of the development is harnessing th e waters of the Bharathapuzha, the Chalakudi and the Periyar basins for irrigation and power production in both the states. It accomplishes the diversion and integration of eight west flowing rivers, six in the Anaimalai hills and two in the plains for t he benefit of the drought prone areas in the Coimbatore and Erode districts of Tamilnadu state and Palghat District of Kerala State. Storage and diversion works on the Eight Rivers with interconnecting tunnels have been constructed to divert the waters impounded to the plains of the Coimbatore and Erode districts of Tamilnadu state and Chittur area of the Kerala State. The Reservoirs lie at various elevations ranging between EL +3800 feet and +1050 feet and this difference in elevations has made it possible for generation of hydro-power. RESERVOIRS The Components of the system comprises one diversion weir, seven storage reservoirs , conveyance system, interconnecting tunnels and wide network of canal distribution system. The Main components of the syste m are 1.Upper Nirar weir 2.Lower Nirar Dam 3.Sholayar Reservoir 4.Parambikulam Reservoir 5.Thunacadavu Reservoir 6.Peruvaripallam Reservoir 7.Aliyar Reservoir 8.Thiurmoorthy Reservoir 3 SUB BASIN DETAILS Parambikulam Aliyar Basin comprises the following t hree sub basins: 1.Sholayar Sub basin 2.Aliyar sub basin 3.Palar Sub basin In the above, Sholayar sub basin has no direct ayacut and an extent of 20536 ha is irrigated from the Aliyar Reservoir in Aliyar sub basin and 1,53,965 ha is irrigated from T hirumoorthy Reservoir in Palar sub basin. Aliyar and Palar are the two sub basins in the Parambikulam Aliyar Project selected for implementing the World Bank aided IAM WARM Project. ALIYAR SUB BASIN The Aliyar River has its source in the Anamalai Hills. It flows in a north-westerly direction for about 37 Kms in Tamilnadu and enters into Kerala and finally confluence in Bharathapuzha. Uppar and Palar River are the major tributaries of Aliyar River. This river has got an old ayacut of 2576 ha of wet lands, through a system of five anicuts. The last Anicut in this series is Vadakkalur Anicut and below it there are 4 major anicuts in Kerala State irrigating an area of 8094 ha. The total catchment area at the last Anicut in Kerala State is 419 Sq.Miles of wh ich 366 Sq.Miles lies in Tamilnadu State. The Taluk covered in the sub basin is Pollachi of Coimbatore District. The annual average rainfall of the sub basin is 635 mm. ALIYAR RESERVOIR The Aliyar Reservoir was constructed across the River Aliyar having a Latitude 10 ‘ 29 “ N and Longitude 76 ‘ 58 “ E and it has a gross capacity of 3864 Mcft. Two irrigation canals i.e., Vettaikaranpudur and Pollachi Canals take off from this reservoir. This reservoir is also intended to meet the requirements of the o ld command area in TamilNadu State and 4 Kerala State . The catchment area at the Aliyar Dam is 76 Sq.Miles. Apart from its own catchments, water can be diverted to this reservoir through the Aliyar Feeder canal and the Contour canal from the Parambikulam gr oup of reservoirs. CANALS IN THE SUB BASIN The Aliyar sub basin consists of the following canal systems. 1. Aliyar feeder canal system 2. Sethumadai canal system 3. Vettaikaranpudur canal system 4. Pollachi canal system 5. Old Channel system in Aliyar River AYACUT DETAILS: Sl.No. Name of Canal Length in Ayacut in ha Km. A' Zone B' Zone Total DIRECT AYACUT 1 Aliyar Feeder Canal 13.40 956 932 1888 2 Sethumadai Canal 8.40 1018 1023 2041 3 Vettaikkaranpudur Canal 17.40 2250 2275 4525 4 Pollachi Canal 48.00 4703 4802 9505 TOTAL 8927 9032 17960 Old Aliyar Channel 5 System 2576 TOTAL 20536 INDIRECT AYACUT 6 System tank 247.62 7 Panchayat Union Tank 34.82 TOTAL 20818.44 Though the total registered ayacut und er PWD control is 20536 the average cultivation is only 19029 leaving a gap of 1507 ha. which is approx 9.27% of designed irrigation extent. 5 Soil type and Crops grown. The soil types met with are combination of Inceptisol Alfisol and Entisol. Crops grown in this sub basin area are Coconut, Sugarcane, Banana, Sapota, Mango, Fodder, besides annual crops, such as Paddy, Groundnut, Cotton, Vegetables, Pulses, Fodder, Tomato, Gaurds, Maize as I crop, and Paddy and Ground nut as II crop. WATER BALANCE. TOTAL WATER POTENTIAL Surface Water Potential - 286.80 Mcm Ground Water Potential - 84.90 Mcm Total - 371.70 Mcm TOTAL WATER DEMAND Domestic - 5.40 Mcm Live Stock - 1.20 Mcm Industries - 13.20 Mcm Export - 28.90 Mcm Agricultural - 110.19 Mcm Agri. Research Station - 0.80 Mcm Kerala - 205.32 Mcm Total - 365.01 Mcm Surplus - 6.69 Mcm In spite of the surplus scenario, the reasons for substantial gap are. (i) No technical attention is paid to the application of water to the fields. (ii) Most of the lands are in fragmented condition, consequently, lot of loss of water in field to field irrigation. 6 (iii) Farmers are not aware of modern techniques, and hybrid – varieties. (iv) Lack of efficient farm management. (v) Encroachment on canal banks, and consequently, water is allowed to spread through man made damages prevent inundation to in the upper reaches, (i.e.) the canal sections need redesigning. (vi) The cross masonry works need repairs. Stake holders Meeting In order to improve the system efficiency and productivity of irrigated agriculture, a multi disciplinary approach involving the following departments is attempted. (i) Agriculture (ii) Agriculture Engineering (iii) Horticulture (iv) Agricultural Marketing (v) Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (vi) Fisheries (vii) Animal Husbandry. WRO officials with the officials of the above line departments, held meetings with the stakeholders in the sub basin and also had joint walk through survey and the following table shows the constraints as observed by them and countermeasures suggested by the departments. 7 OVERALL PICTURE Components Constraints Counter Measures WATER Deterioration of Contour Proposed to rehabilitate the RESOURCES Canal arterial conveyor Bed and side Lining, Tunnels , ORGANISATION part approach roads. Damages in Canal Proposed to rehabilitate the networks damaged portions by lining the bed and sides of the main canal, branch canal and distributories upto 25 acres limit Dilapidated conditions of Proposed to rehabilitate the the cross masonry cross masonry structures structures Deficiencies in regulating Proposed to replace the arrangements in the canal wornout wooden paddle sluices shutters by screw gearing steel shutters 2) Repairs to sluices Poor condition of the canal Proposed to strengthening and bank / inspection track standardizing the canal banks Lack of modern flow Proposed to install Telemetry, monitoring and controlling SCADA and measurement devices devices in the reservoir and canal network. Over exploitation of Construction of artificial Ground Water recharging structures like checkdams etc., Lack of environmental Proposed to create awareness awareness and implementing environmental projects Encroachment in the canal Demarcation of canal boundary area 8 AGRICULTURAL Linkages with traders on MARKETING contract farming and on line trading. Off season varieties to Production – Glut / be developed by TNAU and cultivated, marketed by FA's. Shortage Incase of perishables, agro - processing opportunities to be explored and required facility to be developed. No such difficulty. For speeding of marketing, formation of Lack of available markets marketing sub groups at farmers association and export potential may be tapped. Rural godowons and thrashing floors to be constructed at selected sub groups and Tarpaulins to be distributed. On test basis ready to cook vegetables may either be processed by Farmers' Interest Groups be branded or allowing (FIG's) and the same may be sold through – self help group Poor post harvest practice to enter into their venture of value addition. On realizing the potentials the same will be expanded on large scale through big departmental stores or through vegetable depots at cities. Training with regard to post harvest technology may be imparted to farmers.(TNAU centralized component) Collective bargaining may be imparted through establishment of FA's / organisation No collective action empowering them to establish a retail unit in farmers market operated in nearby town. 9 Demand and price forcasting cell of TNAU will provide information to the target groups in liason with personal of Dept. of Agrl. Marketing & Agri. Lack of market Business on demanding information / providing markets, time of sale expected, multiple market price advantage etc.