About Probe Intern anal The Probe International is a Toronto-based independent environmental advocacy organization that monitors and exposes the effects of Canadian aid and trade 1 r in the Third World. As a leader in the worldwide campaign to stop China's Three Gorges dam project, Probe International has published two books about the dam, Damming the Three Gorges: What Dam-Builders Don't Want me! You to Know, edited by Margaret Barber and Grainne Ryder (Toronto: Earth­ scan Canada, 2d ed., 1993), and Yangtze! Yangtze!, edited by Dai Qing The Three Gorges Dam (Toronto: Earthscan Canada, 1994). Probe Intemational, Canada's most vo­ and the Fate of China's ciferous critic of foreign aid, educates and informs the public about agencies such as the federal government's Canadian International Development Yangtze River and Its People Agency and EXpOli Development Corporation, and about international agen­ cies that are funded with Canadian tax dollars, such as the World Bank. Probe International names nanles. Because Probe International isn't dependent on governments or industry for its funding, it is free to reveal exactly who is Dat Qing doing what and when. Probe International is accountable to the public at large, from whom the bulk of its funding comes in the form of small dona­ tions from its 20,000 supporters across Canada. Edited by John Go Thibodeau and Philip Bo Williams About International Rivers N rk foreword by Audrey Ronning Topping International Rivers Network (IRN) is the world's leading organization Translated by Yi Ming dedicated to developing and assisting a global grassroots movement to protect rivers and watersheds for the people and ecosystems dependent upon them. Through research into alternative energy generation, irrigation and flood management schemes, pressure for policy reform at international finance institutions such as the World Bank, and active media and educa­ Probe International tional campaigns directed at projects arounc the world, IRN discourages investment in destructive large-scale river development, while encouraging International Rivers Network strategies that are more environmentally, socially, and economically sound. Over the past decade, IRN has built a network of more than 1,000 citizens' organizations and technical expelis in 93 countries who are working c5V1.E. Sharpe to protect freshwater resources, endangered ecosystems, and indigenous Armonk, New York peoples worldwide. London, England Contents An East Gate Book About the Editors and Contributors Vll Copyright © 1998 by Dai Qing Preface All rights reserved. No part ofthis book may be reproduced in any form John G. Thibodeau and Philip B. Williams IX without written permission from the publisher, M. E. Sharpe, Inc., 80 Business Park Drive, Armonk, New York 10504. Foreword: The River Dragon Has Come! Audrey Ronning Topping xv Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publicatlon Data 1. The Three Gorges Project: A Symbol ofUncontrolled Development in the Late Twentieth Century The river dragon has come! : the three gorges dam Dai Qing 3 and the fate ofChina's Yangtze River and Its People i [compiled by] Dai Qing ; edited by John G. Thibodeau and Philip B. Williams; 2. A Profile ofDams in China with a foreword by Audrey Ronning Topping; translated by Ming Yi. ShuiFu 18 p. em. The World's Most Catastrophic Dam Failures: The August "Probe International, International Rivers Network." 3. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1975 Collapse ofthe Banqiao and Shimantan Dams ISBN 0-7656-0205-9 (cloth: alk. paper) Yi Si 25 I. San hsia shui li shu niu (China). 2. Dams-----<=hina--Yangtze River Gorges. 3. Chinese---Relocation-History--20th century. 1. Qing, Dai. 4. Discussing Population Resettlement with Li Boning II. Thibodeau, John, 1968- . III. Williams, Philip B. QiRen 39 IV. Probe International. V. International Rivers Network. General Plan for Population Resettlement TC558.C52T587 1997 40 333.9l'00951------dc21 97-23982 Li Boning CIP Is Developmental Resettlement Possible? Printed in the United States ofAmerica QiRen 50 5. The Environmental Impacts ofResettlement in the Three The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of Gorges Project American National Standard for Information Sciences-­ Chen Guojie 63 Permanence ofPaper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z 39.48-1984. 6. What Are the Three Gorges Resettlers Thinking? Ding Qigang 70 7. A Survey ofResettlement in Badong County, Hubei Province Ding Qigang and Zheng Jiaqin 90 BM (c) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 8. Resettlement in the Xin'an River Power Station Project Mou Mo and Cai Wenmei 104 v vi Contents 9. The Danger to Historical Relics and Cultural Antiquities in and About the Ed itors and Contributors around the Three Gorges Area: Interviews with the Director of the National History Museum ofChina, Yu Weichao Dai Qing 124 The Editors 10. A Lamentation for the Yellow River: The Three Gate Gorge Dam (Sanmenxia) John Go Thibodeau was, until 1997, director ofresearch at Probe Interna­ Shang Wei 143 tional in Toronto, Ontario. For two years, he headed Probe International's campaign to stop the Three Gorges dam, and is co-editor, with Probe 11. Water Pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir International Executive Director Patricia Adams, ofthe English translation Jin Hui 160 of Dai Qing's first book on the dam, Yangtze! Yangtze!: Debate Over the 12. Military Perspectives on the Three Gorges Pr~ject Three Gorges Project (London and Toronto: Earthscan Publications Ltd.) in 1994. DaBing 171 Epilogue: The New Golden Triangle ofChina Dro Philip Eo Williams, PoE., is the founder and honorary president of Richard Hayman 177 International Rivers Network in Berkeley, California. He is also president and principal of the San Francisco consulting firm of Philip Williams & Appendix A: Acknowledgments from "General Plan for Associates, consultants in hydrology. He is recognized internationally as a Population Resettlement" leader in new approaches to river, flood, and water resources management. Li Boning 191 Appendix B: Sediment Problems at the Three Gorges Dam The Contributors Luna B. Leopold 194 Chinese Appendix C: The Three Gorges Dam and the Fate ofChina's Southern Heritage Cai Wemnei: Professor ofSociology, Beijing University. Elizabeth Childs-Johnson andLawrence R. Sullivan 200 Appendix D: Priority-Level Cultural Antiquities in the Three Chen Guojie: Research Fellow, Chengdu Geological Institute, Chinese Gorges Area 211 Academy ofSciences. Appendix E: Archaeological Sites to Be Inundated in 1997 by the Da Bing: Military commentator and free-lance writer. Construction ofthe Three Gorges Dam 212 Appendix F: Letter to Jiang Zemin Concerning Archaeological Dai Qing: See glossary ofnames. Sites 214 Ding Qigang: Beijing University sociologist. Appendix G: Major Cities and Sites to Be Affected by the Three Gorges Dam and Reservoir 220 Jin Hui: Journalist for Liberation Army News, the official newspaper of the People's Liberation Army. Biographic Glossary 221 Index 229 Mou Mo: Former researcher at a ministry ofthe Chinese government. Vll.