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J., U.S. A. • A Service of the Radio Corporation of America CONTENTS (FEBRUARY, 1940) For Prize Contest Notice See Page 114 Cover Picture Port Jackson, Harbor of Sydney, Australia (See also page 116) Sidelights on Past Relations Between the United Slates and Turkey By Lewis Heck 61 Press Comment 64 Letters 65 Ukrainians? Who Are They? By Tania Kroitor 66 American Foreign Policy and Naval Power By Robert Mills McClintock 68 Our Representatives in the Warring States By Oswald Garrison Villard 71 Eighth American Scientific Congress By Warren Kelchner 72 Ride 'Em Cowboy By Ralph J. Totten 74 Health and the Foreign Service Officer NORTH AMERICA By Leon L. Cowles 76 Agricultural Curriculum in the F.S.O.’G SOUTH AMERICA Training School By William Belton 77 CENTRAL AMERICA Editors’ Column Career Appointments 78 CARIRREAN News from the Department By Reginald Mitchell 79 PANAMA CANAL News from the Field 82 Consult your Travel Agent or The Bookshelf /. Rives Childs, Review Editor 84 Laying the Chost By Erie R. Dickover 86 GRACE LINE New Legation at Managua, Nicaragua 628 Fifth Avenue (Rockefeller Center) or By Frederick Larkin 88 10 Hanover Square, New York Foreign Service Changes 90 914 - 15th Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Service Glimpses 91 Agents and Offices in all principal cities Prize Competition Notice 114 Marriages 114- Birth 114 Journal Index 114 Cover Picture 116 Visitors 116 Issued monthly by American Foreign Service Associa¬ tion, Department of State, Washington, D. Q. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office iri Washington, D. C., under the act of March 3, 1879. 57 In the States or overseas, when you think of cars ADELAIDE ALEXANDRIA you think of General Motors. Through its assembly ANTWERP plants, sales offices, distributors and dealers, General BATAVIA Motors facilitates delivery and service on its products BIENNE to the end of pavement, and beyond. Wherever you BOMBAY are, and especially when planning your leave, learn BUENOS AIRES what General Motors is doing to make motoring COPENHAGEN easier on disposition and pocketbook. MELBOURNE MEXICO CITY OSAKA CHEVROLET PARIS PERTH CHEVROLET PORT ELIZABETH TRUCKS SAO PAULO SOUTHAMPTON STOCKHOLM PONTIAC SYDNEY WELLINGTON OLDSMOBILE Branch Offices, Warehouses, OLDSMOBILE Distributors and Dealers in Principal Cities and TRUCKS Towns throughout the World BUICK LA SALLE CADILLAC CMC TRUCKS 177 5 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY 58 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL INDEX FOR ADVERTISERS Allies’ Inn __ 95 \VULMJLAAJ American Export Lines 96 American Security and Trust Company 89 Underwood Bacardi, Santiago de Cuba . , 115 Calvert School „ 116 Cathay Hotel—Shanghai 115 Chase National Bank 92 Continental Hotel—Paris 115 Crillon Hotel—Paris 115 Federal Storage Company 108 Firestone Tire & Rubber Co 60 France et Choiseul Hotel—Paris 115 General Motors Corporation - 58 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Export Co Grace Line 57 Gude Bros. Co 113 International Telephone & Telegraph Co.. .... 99 Kressmann & Co., Ed.—Bordeaux , 115 Leggett, Francis 11., & Co 104 Linguaphone Institute . 113 Mayflower Hotel 111 Metropole Hotel—Shanghai 115 Moore-McCormack Lines „ 93 • Underwood leads the field with an National City Bank 97 National Geographic Magazine 95 entirely new business typewriter that New England Mutual Life Insurance Co. 113 defies tradition in its design and chal¬ Pacific Fisheries, Assn, of — 110 lenges all machines to match its per¬ Packard III COVER Pagani’s Restaurant—London 115 formance. It’s the new Underwood Palazzo-Ambasciatori Hotel—Rome 115 Pan-American Airways, Inc. 92 Master that gives you Dual Touch Park Hotel—Shanghai 115 Plaza Hotel 95 Tuning . one that permits individual RCA Mfg. Co., Inc II COVER tuning of each key to the finger ... the Royal Typewriter Co., Inc . 112 other, keyboard controlled, varies the Sapp, Earle W., C.L.U 113 tension of all keys at the will of the Savoy-Plaza Hotel 100 Schenley Products 105 operator. • Sea Captains’ Shop, The—Shanghai 115 Security Storage Company of Washington . 89 Underwood Elliott Fisher Speeds the World's Business Soeony-Vacuum Oil Co., Inc 101 Turner’s Diplomatic School 116 Tyner, Miss E. J 113 Typewriter Division Underwood Elliott Fisher Company 59 UNDERWOOD United Fruit Company . 110 United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company 100 ELLIOTT FISHER COMPANY Typewriters . Accounting Machines . Adding Machines COVER Waldorf-Astoria Hotel IV Carbon Paper . Ribbons and other Supplies Williams, R. C., & Co., Inc 116 Woodward & Lothrop 109 Homer Bldg., 13th & F Streets, N. W. Washington, D. C. Sales and Service Everywhere Please mention THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL when writing to Advertisers. FEBRUARY, 1940 59 MATCHLESS in ormance MAGNIFICENT in Style . UNEXCELLED j in Quality > 'Firestone CHAMPION at-i/te 7(mu>Vunv- FOREIGN E JOURNAL til PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION m VOL. 17, No. 2 WASHINGTON, D. C. FEBRUARY, 1940 Sidelights on Past Relations Between the United States and Turkey tSy LEWIS HECK' THE Ottoman Em¬ Her civilizations in Mex¬ pire, its various suc¬ ico and Central America. cessor states, and more The records of the especially revitalized English Levant Compa¬ Turkey, have had much ny, which existed for closer relations with the some 250 years prior to United States than have 1825, contain an entry existed between many to the effect that the nations much less dis¬ good ship Mayflower tantly separated in geo¬ called at the port of Al- graphical and other exandretta in northern ways. Syria a fetv years after Shortly after Colum¬ its famous voyage to bus discovered America, New England. Even in one of the first books pre - revolutionary days printed in the Turkish some exchange of mer¬ language was devoted to chandise took place be¬ a highly fanciful account tween America and the of the new continent. Re¬ Ottoman Empire, and cent investigation shows Oriental rugs were a a close similarity be¬ common floor covering tween many words cur¬ in many well - to - do or rently used today in wealthy homes of the Mexico and in the Turk¬ colonists. Early trade re¬ ish language. Some au¬ lations were largely cen¬ thorities claim that this tered at Smyrna, rather Copyright by the National Geographic Society; reproduced from the is due to the Tartar ori¬ National Geographic Magazine with special permission. than at Constantinople, gin of some of the ear- Mustapha Kemal Ataturk’s statue arose when owing in part to naviga¬ ‘'made-to-order” Ankara was a cheerless settle¬ tion and other difficul- *Student interpreter in 1909, ment. The boulevard leads to the railway station in passing the Straits. Turkish Secretary in 1916, between the Ankara Palace Hotel and the Parlia¬ and American Commissioner to John Paul Jones fought Turkey, November 30, 1918- ment Building. Beyond, as far as the eye can see, May, 1919. stretches the Anatolian steppe. with Russian forces 61 The Turkish Republic occu¬ pies a fifth of the area of the former Ottoman Empire. The center of ihe recent earth¬ quakes in Turkey was along the line Sivas-Erzincan-Erzu- rum. During recent months the railroad line between Erzincan and Erzurum was completed, thus opening for the first time through rail connections between Turkey and the Russian frontier. ^ m 0 %£ against the Turks after his naval successes in the was wrecked in the Bay of Biscay and the survivors Revolutionary War. Decatur, Bainbridge and other rescued by a Spanish ship bound to Majorca. It American naval leaders did their share towards was captured by Algerian corsairs and the beautiful ending the ravages of the Barbary corsairs to trade young French girl was sent as a present to the Sul¬ and shipping. An American sea captain named tan. She became the mother of Mahmut II, and Ransford D. Bucknam became a full admiral in the is said to have always had a strong influence on Ottoman navy in the early years of the present cen¬ his policies after his accession to the throne. tury, having captured the interest of Abdul Hamid Josephine remained in Paris to become the wife when he made delivery to the Ottoman Government of Napoleon.