Assessment&date&2&April&2015 Aristolochia+littoralis*Auct.+(Aristolochia+elegans+Mast.)*All*Zones Answer Score 1.01 Is&the&species&highly&domesticated? n 0 1.02 Has&the&species&become&naturalised&where&grown? 1.03 Does&the&species&have&weedy&races? 2.01 Species suited to Florida's USDA climate zones (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) North Zone: suited to Zones 8, 9 2 Central Zone: suited to Zones 9, 10 South Zone: suited to Zone 10 2.02 Quality&of&climate&match&data&(0Blow;&1Bintermediate;&2Bhigh) 2 2.03 Broad&climate&suitability&(environmental&versatility) y 1 2.04 Native or naturalized in habitats with periodic inundation North Zone: mean annual precipitation 50-70 inches y 1 Central Zone: mean annual precipitation 40-60 inches South Zone: mean annual precipitation 40-60 inches 2.05 Does&the&species&have&a&history&of&repeated&introductions&outside&its&natural&range? y 3.01 Naturalized&beyond&native&range y 2 3.02 Garden/amenity/disturbance&weed y 2 3.03 Weed&of&agriculture 3.04 Environmental&weed y 4 3.05 Congeneric&weed y 2 4.01 Produces&spines,&thorns&or&burrs n 0 4.02 Allelopathic 4.03 Parasitic n 0 4.04 Unpalatable&to&grazing&animals 4.05 Toxic&to&animals y 1 4.06 Host&for&recognised&pests&and&pathogens n 0 4.07 Causes&allergies&or&is&otherwise&toxic&to&humans y 1 4.08 Creates&a&fire&hazard&in&natural&ecosystems n 0 4.09 Is&a&shade&tolerant&plant&at&some&stage&of&its&life&cycle n 0 4.10 Grows&on&infertile&soils&(oligotrophic,&limerock,&or&excessively&draining&soils).&&North&&& y 1 Central&Zones:&infertile&soils;&South&Zone:&shallow&limerock&or&Histisols. 4.11 Climbing&or&smothering&growth&habit y 1 4.12 Forms&dense&thickets unk 0 5.01 Aquatic n 0 5.02 Grass n 0 5.03 Nitrogen&fixing&woody&plant n 0 5.04 Geophyte n 0 6.01 Evidence&of&substantial&reproductive&failure&in&native&habitat n 0 6.02 Produces&viable&seed y 1 6.03 Hybridizes&naturally n B1 6.04 SelfBcompatible&or&apomictic y 1 6.05 Requires&specialist&pollinators n 0 6.06 Reproduction&by&vegetative&propagation unk B1 6.07 Minimum&generative&time&(years) 7.01 Propagules&likely&to&be&dispersed&unintentionally&(plants&growing&in&heavily&trafficked& y 1 areas) 7.02 Propagules&dispersed&intentionally&by&people y 1 7.03 Propagules&likely&to&disperse&as&a&produce&contaminant n B1 7.04 Propagules&adapted&to&wind&dispersal y 1 7.05 Propagules&water&dispersed y 1 7.06 Propagules&bird&dispersed n B1 7.07 Propagules&dispersed&by&other&animals&(externally) n B1 7.08 Propagules&dispersed&by&other&animals&(internally) 8.01 Prolific&seed&production 8.02 Evidence&that&a&persistent&propagule&bank&is&formed&(>1&yr) n B1 8.03 Well&controlled&by&herbicides y B1 8.04 Tolerates,&or&benefits&from,&mutilation&or&cultivation 8.05 Total*Score 15 Implemented*Pacific*Second*Screening* no Risk*Assessment*Results High section satisfy* # questions answered minimum? A 10 yes B 9 yes C 18 yes total 37 yes Reference Source*data 1.01 cultivated,.but.no.evidence.of.selection.for.reduced.weediness 1.02 1.03 2.01 1..PERAL.NAPPFAST.Global.Plant.Hardiness. No.computer.analysis.was.performed...1..Global.hardiness.zone:. (http://www.nappfast.org/Plant_hardiness/NAPPFAST%20Global 9,.10,.11,.12,.13..;.equivalent.to.USDA.Hardiness.zones:USDA. %20zones/10L Zone.9a:.to.L6.6.°C.(20.°F).USDA.Zone.9b:.to.L3.8.°C.(25.°F).USDA. year%20climate/PLANT_HARDINESS_10YR%20lgnd.tif)...2..USDA,. Zone.10a:.to.L1.1.°C.(30.°F).USDA.Zone.10b:.to.1.7.°C.(35.°F). ARS,.National.Genetic.Resources.Program..Germplasm.Resources. USDA.Zone.11a:.to.USDA.Zone.(40.°F).USDA.Zone.11b:.to..(45.°F). Information.Network.L.(GRIN).[Online.Database]..National. USDA.Zone.12a:.to.(50.°F).USDA.Zone.12b:.to..(55.°F).....2..Native. Germplasm.Resources.Laboratory,.Beltsville,.Maryland.. to.SOUTHERN.AMERICA..Brazil:.Brazil.L.Ceara,.Mato.Grosso,.Mato. http://www.arsLgrin.gov/cgiLbin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?409896.(00. Grosso.do.Sul,.Minas.Gerais,.Parana,.Rio.de.Janeiro,.Rondonia,. Month.0000)... Santa.Catarina,.Sao.Paulo.Western.South.America:.Bolivia;. Colombia;.Ecuador.L.Loja;.Peru.Southern.South.America:. Argentina.L.Corrientes,.Entre.Rios,.Jujuy,.Misiones,.Santa.Fe;. Paraguay.L.Amambay,.Central,.Concepcion,.Cordillera,.Paraguari,. San.Pedro 2.02 2.03 1..KöppenLGeiger.climate.map.(http://www.hydrolLearthLsystL 1..Distribution.in.the.native/cultivated.range.occurs.in.Cfa,.Cfb,. sci.net/11/1633/2007/hessL11L1633L2007.pdf)..2..Global. Am,.Aw,.Af,.As Biodiversity.Information.Facility.(www.GBIF.org.[accessed. 4/2/2015]) 2.04 1..World.Bank. Rainfall.in.this.species'.native.areas.falls.within.these.levels.. http://sdwebx.worldbank.org/climateportal/index.cfm?page=co untry_historical_climate&ThisRegion=Latin%20America&ThisCCo de=BRA.(3L27L2015).2..Global.Biodiversity.Information.Facility. (www.GBIF.org.[accessed.4/2/2015]) 2.05 1..The.University.of.Queensland..Special.edition.of. 1..Widely.naturalised.in.the.tropical.regions.of.the.world.(e.g.. Environmental.Weeds.of.Australia.for.Biosecurity.Queensland. Zimbabwe,.South.Africa,.Hawaii,.French.Polynesia,.New. http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/03030800L0b07L Caledonia,.Fiji,.the.Cook.Islands.and.southLeastern.USA)..2.. 490aL8d04L0605030c0f01/media/Html/Aristolochia_elegans.htm. Introduced.to.South.Africa.3..Introduced.to.the.Cook.Islands (3L27L2015).2..Foxcroft.LC,.Richardson.DM,.Wilson.JRU.(2008). Ornamental.plants.as.invasive.aliens:.problems.and.solutions.in. the.Kruger.National.Park,.South.Africa..Environ.Manage.41:32–51. 3..Pacific.Island.Ecosystems.at.Risk.(PIER).(2006),.Arisolochia. littoralis.Parodi,.Aristolochiaceae,. www.hear.org/pier/species/aristolochia_littoralis.htm.(3L27L 2015) 3.01 1..Missouri.Botanical.Garden. 1..It.is.native.to.South.America,.but.has.naturalized.in.certain. http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinde tropical.areas.around.the.world.as.well.as.in.Central.America.and. rDetails.aspx?kempercode=c783.(3L27L2015).2..The.State.of. the.southern.U..S..2..Dutchman’s.pipe.is.a.popular.novelty.in. Queensland,.Department.of.Agriculture,.Fisheries.and.Forestry,. gardens.and.suburban.backyards.and.has.naturalised.in.several. 2012.FACTSHEET. areas.of.Queensland.and.northern.New.South.Wales..3..In. http://www.invasives.org.za/resources/downloadableL Hawai'i,.Aristolochia.littoralis.is.cultivated.occasionally.and.is. resources/finish/38LinvasiveLplantsLfactLsheets/232LaristolochiaL sparingly.naturalized.on.Kaua'i,.O'ahu,.Maui elegans.html.(3L27L2015).3..Wagner,.W.L.,.D.R..Herbst,.and.S.H.. Sohmer..1999..Manual.of.the.Flowering.Plants.of.Hawai'i..2.vols.. Bishop.Museum.Special.Publication.83,.University.of.Hawai'i.and. Bishop.Museum.Press,.Honolulu,.Hawai'i. 3.02 1..Skoien,.P..and.Csurhes,.S..2009..Weed.risk.assessment.for. 1..In.an.assessment.of.invasive.naturalised.plants.of.southLeast. Queensland.Primary.Industries:.Fisheries.Dutchman’s.pipe. Queensland,.A..eleGans.was.identified.as.‘Generally.invasive’. (Aristolochia.eleGans). (escapinG.from.cultivation.and.spreadinG.to.natural.areas).to. https://www.daff.qld.Gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/69703 ‘hiGhly.invasive’.(forms.monocultures).(Batianoff.and.Butler,. /IPALDutchmansLPipeLRiskLAssessment.pdf.(3L27L2015).2..Save. 2002)..Aristolochia.eleGans.was.reported.as.‘common’.in. Our.Waterways.Now.Inc.. Araucaria.cunninGhamii.plantations.in.Brooyar.State.Forest,. http://www.saveourwaterwaysnow.com.au/01_cms/details_pop indicatinG.a.potential.to.spread.and.intensify.infestations,. .asp?ID=771.(3L31L2015) displacinG.native.understorey.species.2..Dutchman's.Pipe.is. particularly.troublesome.in.suburban.Brisbane.where.it.has. escaped.from.Gardens.to.take.over.tracts.of.riparian.bushland.. 3.03 no.evidence. 3.04 1..The.State.of.Queensland,.Department.of.AGriculture,.Fisheries. 1a..Dutchman’s.pipe.is.an.environmental.weed.1b..Dutchman’s. and.Forestry,.2012.FACTSHEET. pipe.however.is.a.deadly.alternative,.trickinG.butterflies.into. http://www.invasives.orG.za/resources/downloadableL layinG.their.eGGs.on.its.leaves,.and.then.poisoninG.the.larvae. resources/finish/38LinvasiveLplantsLfactLsheets/232LaristolochiaL when.they.hatch.and.beGin.to.feed..2a...An.agGressive.and. eleGans.html.(3L27L2015).2..Skoien,.P..and.Csurhes,.S..2009.. viGorous.climber,.A..eleGans.scrambles.over.small.shrubs.and. Weed.risk.assessment.for.Queensland.Primary.Industries:. trees,.smotherinG.veGetation..It.is.commonly.associated.with. Fisheries.Dutchman’s.pipe.(Aristolochia.eleGans). other.weed.infestations.and.disturbance..Like.other.exotic.vines,. https://www.daff.qld.Gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/69703 A..eleGans.can.weiGh.down.native.veGetation.and.result.in. /IPALDutchmansLPipeLRiskLAssessment.pdf.(3L27L2015).3..The. collapse.under.the.weiGht.of.biomass.it.produces.and.provide.an. University.of.Queensland..Special.edition.of.Environmental. opportunity.for.other.invasive.plants.to.establish..2b..In.an. Weeds.of.Australia.for.Biosecurity.Queensland. assessment.of.invasive.naturalised.plants.of.southLeast. http://keyserver.lucidcentral.orG/weeds/data/03030800L0b07L Queensland,.A..eleGans.was.identified.as.‘Generally.invasive’. 490aL8d04L0605030c0f01/media/Html/Aristolochia_eleGans.htm. (escapinG.from.cultivation.and.spreadinG.to.natural.areas).to. (3L27L2015) ‘hiGhly.invasive’.(forms.monocultures)..Aristolochia.eleGans.was. reported.as.‘common’.in.Araucaria.cunninGhamii.plantations.in. Brooyar.State.Forest,.indicatinG.a.potential.to.spread.and. intensify.infestations,.displacinG.native.understorey.species.3..It. is.also.reGarded.as.a.potentially.serious.environmental.weed.in. northLeastern.New.South.Wales..Like.many.other.species.of. exotic.vines,.Dutchman's.pipe.(Aristolochia.eleGans).competes. with.and.replaces.native.plants.via.its.smotherinG.Growth..It. readily.invades.dry.rainforests,.lowland.rainforests.and.riparian. veGetation,.replacinG.native.vines.and.preventinG.the.Growth.and. reGeneration.of.other.native.plants. 3.05 Holm,.LeRoy.G..A.GeoGraphical.Atlas.of.World.Weeds..Malabar,. Aristolochia.bracteolata.is.a.principle.weed.in.Sudan,.Aristolochia. FL:.KrieGer.Pub.,.1991..Print. clematitisn.is.principle.weed.in.YuGoslavia,.and.Aristolochia. maurorum.is.a.principle.weed.in.Jordan. 4.01 1..Wagner,.W.L.,.D.R..Herbst,.and.S.H..Sohmer..1999..Manual.of. 1..These.features.are.not.in.the.species.description.