Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 4 INTENSIFYING ROLE OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS ......................................... 7 Global Mobile Adoption .......................................................................................... 7 Transformational Elements .................................................................................... 10 Expanding Use Cases ........................................................................................... 12 Fixed Wireless Access ........................................................................................... 16 Internet of Things ................................................................................................ 19 THE IMPACT OF 5G ............................................................................................... 20 1G to 5G Evolution .............................................................................................. 20 5G Technical Objectives ........................................................................................ 23 5G Applications ................................................................................................... 24 5G Concepts ....................................................................................................... 27 mmWave ............................................................................................................ 29 5G Schedule ....................................................................................................... 32 5G Device Availability ........................................................................................... 34 5G Phase One (Release 15) ................................................................................... 34 5G Phase Two (Release 16) ................................................................................... 37 5G Release 17 ..................................................................................................... 38 5G Network Types and Operator Strategies ............................................................. 39 5G Performance .................................................................................................. 41 5G Architecture ................................................................................................... 42 Network Slicing ................................................................................................... 44 2020-2030 TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION .................................................................. 48 Application Evolution ............................................................................................ 49 Radio Evolution ................................................................................................... 50 Network Evolution ............................................................................................... 51 Distributed Computer Intelligence .......................................................................... 52 Standards Evolution ............................................................................................. 52 Challenges toward this Future ............................................................................... 53 4G LTE ADVANCES ................................................................................................ 55 LTE-Advanced and LTE-Advanced Pro Features ........................................................ 55 LTE 1 Gbps Capability .......................................................................................... 58 3GPP RELEASES .................................................................................................... 60 INTERNET OF THINGS AND MACHINE-TO-MACHINE ............................................. 63 CELLULAR V2X COMMUNICATIONS ....................................................................... 67 KEY SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES ....................................................................... 69 Artificial Intelligence (AI) ...................................................................................... 69 Virtualization ...................................................................................................... 70 Edge Computing .................................................................................................. 74 Unlicensed Spectrum Integration ........................................................................... 76 Multiple Cell Types ............................................................................................... 80 Neutral-Host Small Cells ....................................................................................... 84 Massive MIMO ..................................................................................................... 84 Multicast and Broadcast ........................................................................................ 85 Information-Centric Networking ............................................................................. 85 Global 5G, Rysavy Research/5G Americas, September 2019 Page 1 VOLTE, 5G VOICE, RCS, WEBRTC, AND WI-FI CALLING ........................................ 87 Voice Support and VoLTE ...................................................................................... 87 5G Voice Support ................................................................................................ 87 Rich Communications Suite ................................................................................... 87 WebRTC ............................................................................................................. 88 Wi-Fi Calling ....................................................................................................... 89 PUBLIC SAFETY .................................................................................................... 90 LTE Features for Public Safety ............................................................................... 91 Deployment Approaches ....................................................................................... 92 EXPANDING CAPACITY ......................................................................................... 96 SPECTRUM DEVELOPMENTS ................................................................................ 100 Broadcast Incentive Auction (600 MHz) ................................................................. 102 3550 to 3700 MHz (CBRS)_ ................................................................................ 102 3.7 to 4.2 GHz (C-Band) ..................................................................................... 103 2.5 GHz ........................................................................................................... 104 5G mmWave Bands ........................................................................................... 104 Harmonization ................................................................................................... 106 Unlicensed Spectrum .......................................................................................... 108 Spectrum Sharing (LSA, CBRS) ........................................................................... 109 CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................... 113 APPENDIX: TECHNOLOGY DETAILS .................................................................... 114 3GPP Releases .................................................................................................. 114 Data Throughput Comparison .............................................................................. 116 Latency Comparison ........................................................................................... 122 Spectral Efficiency ............................................................................................. 123 Data Consumed by Streaming and Virtual Reality ................................................... 131 Spectrum Bands (3G to 5G) ................................................................................ 133 5G ................................................................................................................... 137 Architecture ................................................................................................... 137 Architecture Options ....................................................................................... 141 LTE-NR Coexistence ........................................................................................ 144 Integrated Access and Backhaul ....................................................................... 146 Performance .................................................................................................. 148 Quality of Service .............................................................................................. 156 LTE, LTE-Advanced, and LTE-Advanced Pro ........................................................... 158 LTE-Advanced and LTE-Advanced Pro ................................................................ 158 OFDMA and Scheduling ................................................................................... 159 LTE Smart Antennas ....................................................................................... 161 LTE-Advanced Antenna Technologies ................................................................. 165 Carrier Aggregation