Chapter XIX CUSTOM HOUSE POST OFFICE PUBLIC UTILITIES Custom House Soon after the Revolution the Federal Government established the first custom house, in what was known as the Dighton District . It was near the shore of Taunton Estuary, just south of Muddy Cove . The Fall River District replaced the Dighton District in 1837 and the custom house wa s located in the town hall on Central Street . When the new town hall was built, it was located there for a few years and then moved to the secon d floor of a building at the northeast corner of Anawan and Water Streets , where it remained until a Federal building was erected on Bedford Stree t in 1880. Post Office The first general issue of postage stamps by the United States was i n 1847. Stamps were used before that time in some localities but were issue d at the expense of the postmasters . The price of letter postage was accord- ing to the number of sheets used ; consequently letters were written on large sheets, then folded and sealed, leaving a space for the address. Envelopes and blotting paper did not come into general use until 1845 . The first mail was handled in Fall River, then Troy, in 1811 . Charles Pitman was the first postmaster ; at first located in the village, he moved his post office to Steep Brook in 1813.1 W. W. Howes, First Assistant Postmaster General reports that th e first United States Post Office was "established in Fall River, Massachu- setts, on March 14, 1816 . The first Postmaster was Abraham Bowen. There is no record of a government Post Office in the town of Fall River , Rhode Island". 1 See Fascicle I p. 90. 176 THE PHILLIPS HISTORY OF FALL RIVER "The (government) Post Office at Steep Brook, Massachusetts was established on January 13, 1873, with Abiel W . Winslow as postmaster. The office was discontinued on July 1, 1900. " Through the instrumentality of Congressman James Buffington, in 1873, an appropriation of $200,000, (later raised to $285,000) was made for a Federal building, to house the Post Office and the Custom House . This beautiful, ornate (not rococo) building faced Bedford Street an d covered a part of the land north of the stream, now occupied by the present Post Office Building. Two of the uprights which supported the arcade arches of the front, now form the pedestals of the Spanish American Wa r Monument at the north end of Plymouth Avenue and the statue of Prince Henry the Navigator at the junction of Eastern Avenue and Pleasant Street , presented to the city by the citizens of Portuguese extraction. The four stone medalions, illustrating the communication systems of the time ar e stored in the vaults of the B . M. C. Durfee Trust Company . The present two story structure which opened for business, July 18 , 1932, with its surroundings, occupies a city block . It faces south with ample setback from Pocasset Street, offering space for a lawn and shrubbery . During the period of its construction, the E . S. Brown Building on North Street was used as a Post Office. There are two sub-stations in the city ; one called the Flint Station at 1200 Pleasant Street and the other the South Station at 1462 South Main Street. Mrs. Grace Hartley Howe is at present the Postmaster and Gen. Harry A. Skinner the Assistant Postmaster . The receipts for 1940 amounted to $377,386.85. Steam Railroads The Fall River Iron Works established the first rail line out of Fal l River. Passenger service began June 9, 1845 . It began operations unde r the name of Fall River Railroad and the tracks at first extended to Myrick s where connections were made with the Taunton-New Bedford branch o f the Boston and Providence Railroad. The track was later extended to South Braintree where more direct connections were made with Boston . The first local depot was just south of the Central Street "underpass". In 1847, when through service from Boston to New York via Fall River and the Bay State Steamboat Company was inaugurated, the station wa s moved to the Steamboat Dock. PUBLIC UTILITIES 177 In 1863 the Old Colony Railroad which then controlled the Fall Rive r Railroad extended the tracks to Newport and in 1865, laying tracks fro m Warren to the east shore of South Somerset operated a ferry from the foo t of Ferry Street, connecting with the terminus, thus opening a direct route t o Providence. This service continued until the Slade's Ferry Bridge was buil t and the first train ran across it on December 5, 1875 . Inlocated 1874, the Bowenville between Station, Turner Street and Old Colony Avenue was built and remained in use until the present depot was opened in the early nineties . The name Bowenville was discarded and the new station was finally designated as the Fall River depot . At one time there were four stops for some trains within the city limits — Somerse t Junction, Steep Brook, Fall River and Ferry Street . Previous to 1875, passage to and from New Bedford was made eithe r by stage or by rail via Myricks. A Fall River and New Bedford line wa s constructed by a transportation company advertised as the Fall River Rail - road. This short, direct line (now used only for freight: trains by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad) , with Watuppa Station o n Plymouth Avenue as the Fall River terminal, was well patronized by pas- sengers from Fall River, Westport, Dartmouth and New Bedford until a through line by trolley cars was established . The trains made direct con- nections with steamboats for Marthas Vineyard, Nantucket and New York and the ferry at New Bedford to Fairhaven, connecting with trains to town s on Cape Cod. About 1900, the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad made elaborate plans to make direct connections between New York and Cape Cod, by constructing a tunnel under Fall River. Land was purchased fo r the project and some owners were paid for the land underlying their prop- erty. This part of the project was never completed but the elimination o f grade crossings was begun June 28, 1902 and completed with the openin g of the viaduct connecting Central and Anawan Streets on June 16, 1905 , at the cost of $1,580,051 .16. The railroad paid sixty-five per cent of the cost, the state twenty-five per cent and the city ten per cent . With the advent of automotive power, passenger traffic on railroad s became less and less profitable. Many lines were abolished and schedule s were reduced. The road to Newport is no longer operated for the genera l public. The Providence and Fall River branch, which was for a time elec- trified and ran trains every thirty minutes has been abandoned and track s 2 A passenger station was located at the foot of Cherry Street previous to, and for a brief period after, the erection of the Bowenville Station . 178 THE PHILLIPS HISTORY OF FALL RIVE R removed. There remains only a single track from the north into Fall River , connecting with Taunton and Boston . In 1876 there were seven passenger trains to Boston daily and in addition, a number of direct connections with other cities and towns. Today there are only two trains leaving the Fal l River station each week day . The Fall River Line For nearly a century, the "old" Fall River Line operated a fleet of steamships for passenger and freight service between Fall River and Ne w York City. Passengers from and to Boston and other New England citie s found the most convenient and restful travel to New York on the "boat train" which after a non-stop fifty mile run to Fall River, connected with the palatial side-wheel steamers of this line. Mostly, it operated throug h inland waters and reached either destination at an early morning hour an d returned in the Iate afternoon or evening, thus allowing its passengers a full day for business or shopping at the other terminal city . Trains made quick connection with other cities and with summer resorts in New England and Canada. To a large percentage of the traveling public, this Fall River Line was the city's best advertising medium . It was widely known. The raw materials used in our mills and our finished products (largel y cloth) were delivered to Fall River or to New York warehouses before th e beginning of business hours, even though contracted for on the previou s day. Similarly fresh fruits and flowers from nearby farms and greeneries were available in the New York market district, within as short a time an d usually in better condition than those which were grown in territory whic h adjoined the metropolis . The service was prompt and regular, and reserve steamships in Newport, the only port of call, were a safeguard in case o f accidental delays. Private cabins, at graded cost, guaranteed a fine night's rest to the ordinary traveller, and an excellent cuisine and a good orchestra guaranteed satisfaction to the inner man . In warm weather there was ever a cool breeze on the bay and sound, and a little ground-swell to be enjoyed in almost any weather as "she rounded Point Jude " . Such was the Fall River Line, a convenience and almost a necessit y far over four-score (ninety-two) years, and its discontinuance was a catastrophe, almost a dying blow, to the city, when (after connecting rail - roads were forbidden by Federal law, to own, control or operate connecting sea lines) the operation of the boats became unprofitable .