Participant Manual DRE 7-Day Session 22 – Overview of Signs and Symptoms Session 22 – Overview of Signs and Symptoms 60 Minutes Notes:_______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Session 22 _____________________________________________________ Overview of _____________________________________________________ Signs and Symptoms _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Drug Recognition Expert Course Session 22 – Overview of Signs and Symptoms Notes:_______________________________________________ Learning Objectives _____________________________________________________ • Describe the possible effects that may _____________________________________________________ be observed in each major indicator of drug impairment _____________________________________________________ • Identify the effects that will most likely _____________________________________________________ be observed with subjects under the _____________________________________________________ influence of each drug category _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Drug Recognition Expert Course 22-2 Upon successfully completing this session the participant will be able to: • Describe the possible effects that may be observed in each major indicator of drug impairment. • Identify the effects that will most likely be observed with subjects under the influence of each drug category. CONTENT SEGMENTS LEARNING ACTIVITIES A. The Major Indicators and their Instructor-Led Presentations Possible Effects B. Effects Associated with the Drug Interactive Discussions Categories HS 172 R5/13 1 of 28 Session 22 – Overview of Signs and Symptoms Session 22 – Overview of Signs and Symptoms Notes:_______________________________________________ DREDRE MajorMajor andand GeneralGeneral IndicatorsIndicators _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ •• MajorMajor Indicators:Indicators: PhysiologicalPhysiological IndicatorsIndicators _____________________________________________________ •• GeneralGeneral Indicators:Indicators: ObservationalObservational andand _____________________________________________________ BehavioralBehavioral IndicatorsIndicators _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Drug Recognition Expert Course 22-3 Drug Recognition Expert Course 22-3 DRE Major and General Indicators • For DRE purposes, Major Indicators are physiological signs that are specifically addressed and are, for the most part, involuntary; reflecting the status of the Central Nervous System homeostasis. • For DRE purposes, General Indicators are behaviors or observations of the subject that are observed and not specifically tested for. Both are of equal value in making a decision in the totality of the evaluation. HS 172 R5/13 2 of 28 Session 22 – Overview of Signs and Symptoms Notes:_______________________________________________ Major Physiological Indicators of _____________________________________________________ Drug Impairment • Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus _____________________________________________________ • Vertical Gaze Nystagmus _____________________________________________________ • Lack of Convergence • Pupil Size _____________________________________________________ • Reaction to Light _____________________________________________________ • Pulse Rate • Blood Pressure _____________________________________________________ • Body Temperature _____________________________________________________ • Muscle Tone _____________________________________________________ Drug Recognition Expert Course 22-4 A. The Major Physiological Indicators and Their Possible Effects Major Physiological Indicators of Drug Impairment The major physiological indicators of drug impairment are (point to the major indicators on the matrix): • Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus • Vertical Gaze Nystagmus • Lack of Convergence • Pupil Size • Reaction to Light • Pulse Rate • Blood Pressure • Body Temperature • Muscle Tone HS 172 R5/13 3 of 28 Session 22 – Overview of Signs and Symptoms Notes:_______________________________________________ Possible Effects: HGN _____________________________________________________ • Possible effects that might be observed _____________________________________________________ with Nystagmus _____________________________________________________ • With Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus, there _____________________________________________________ are only two possible effects that might be observed _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Drug Recognition Expert Course 22-5 Possible Effects: HGN Possible effects that might be observed with Nystagmus; With Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus, there are only two possible effects that might be observed. • Either HGN will be present; • Or it will be none (meaning that it is not present). There is no drug that stops Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus. Some drugs cause HGN to be present, others do not; but there is no drug that “cures” HGN. Session 22 – Overview of Signs and Symptoms Notes:_______________________________________________ Possible Effects: VGN _____________________________________________________ What are the possible effects we might _____________________________________________________ observe with Vertical Gaze Nystagmus? _____________________________________________________ • With Vertical Gaze Nystagmus, there are _____________________________________________________ also only two possible effects _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Drug Recognition Expert Course 22-6 Possible Effects: VGN With Vertical Gaze Nystagmus, there are also only two possible effects. • Either it will be present; • Or it will be none (meaning that it is not present). HS 172 R5/13 4 of 28 Session 22 – Overview of Signs and Symptoms Notes:_______________________________________________ Possible Effects: LOC _____________________________________________________ What effects might we observe with Lack _____________________________________________________ of Convergence? _____________________________________________________ • For Lack of Convergence, there are also _____________________________________________________ only two possible effects _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Drug Recognition Expert Course 22-7 Possible Effects: LOC For Lack of Convergence, there are also only two possible effects. • Either Lack of Convergence will be present; • Or it will be none (meaning that it is not present). Just as with Nystagmus, there is no drug that “cures” Lack of Convergence. Session 22 – Overview of Signs and Symptoms Notes:_______________________________________________ Possible Effects: Pupil Size _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ What effects might we observe with Pupil Size? _____________________________________________________ • For Pupil Size, there are three possible _____________________________________________________ effects _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Drug Recognition Expert Course 22-8 Possible Effects: Pupil Size For Pupil Size, there are three possible effects that might be seen. • The pupils might be normal (within the DRE average ranges). • Or, the pupils might be dilated. • Or, they might be constricted. HS 172 R5/13 5 of 28 Session 22 – Overview of Signs and Symptoms Notes:_______________________________________________ Possible Effects: Pupil Size (Cont.) _____________________________________________________ What effects might we observe with _____________________________________________________ Pupils’ Reaction to light? _____________________________________________________ • There are a number of effects that might _____________________________________________________ be observed in the pupils’ Reaction to Light _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Drug Recognition Expert Course 22-9 Possible Effects: Reaction to Light There are a number of effects that might be observed in the pupils’ Reaction to Light. • The pupils might react in a normal manner, i.e. by constricting somewhat in one second or less. • Or, the pupils might react slow, i.e. by constricting somewhat, but requiring