International Conference on Plant, Marine and Environmental Sciences (PMES-2015) Jan. 1-2, 2015 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) SYNOPSIS of BIODIVERSITY and DISTREBUTION of MACROPHYTES along the SUEZ CANAL in TIME and SPACE M.S. FARGHALY *and G. A. El-SHOUBAKY ** outcome reporting on the marine vegetation and describing 4 Abstract : The large project of the new Suez Canal ,started different sectors of the renewed canal , reporting 105 species by August 2014 will change many aspects in its . Tow of the team , I. El-Manawy and G. El-Shoubaky with characteristics especially the biological .We need to establish M. S. Farghaly had concentrated since 1985 on the Macro- a picture of the existing fauna and flora , in order to build a phytes , and added many scientific publications on their base line on which we can follow any possible changes .( environmental and distributional patterns as in [ 3 ], [ 4 ] , [ 5 fig.1) ] , [ 6 ] ,[7 ] and [15] . Development of the physiognomy and Hydrography along The Suez Canal had been the subject of colonization by the Suez Canal had been occurred during the last 20 years Macro-phytes since its opening in 1869 . The first record (8 specially in the Northern part. ( fig.2 ) species ) was 1908 by Mushler [13 ] . The Cambridge The marine vegetation of the Eastern branch North of the Expedition 1924 , collected 25 species ,identified by Rendle Suez Canal with the new container Port was the object of and Lyle , published in Roy 1926 [14] . intensive investigations 2000/2011 ; 100 taxa of seaweeds,20 Some additions by few species had been published of Blue-greens and 3 Sea-grasses had been collected.This occasionally,[6 ] and [ 3 ] . After the Israeli evasion of the contribution helped us to complete a good Knowledge about Suez Canal 1967 , Lipkin published 1972 an addition of 45 the macro-phytes inhabiting the canal as well as an species to the list . expectation of a future role in migration between the Red Sea During the last 30 years we focused on the seasonal Diversity and the Mediterranean . , phyto-sociology , Eco-physiology and Utilization of We could have a final figure of the Suez Canal benthic Seaweeds and Seagrasses along the canal raising the records flora as a conclusion of 30 years investigations on the Marine to128 [ 3 ] at the end of the 20th Century. flora of the Suez Canal region . Following the construction of the Eastern branch of the Discussion and analysis with the previous works on these Northern part gave us a picture of the colonization of new major benthic primary producers illustrates a good substrates by Seaweeds . Moreover we had encountered the speculation and best understanding of the development of the disappearance and reappearance of some species in time and flora in time and space . space . We now arrived to an estimation of about 123 Taxa of Our list from the Northern branch added some 40 species to permanent Flora inhabiting this part of the canal . the previous recorded Macro-phytes from the Suez Canal . By 2015, today we can find about 200 species along the Suez We present hereby our vision on the diversity and Canal of Macrophytes . These results helped in having a distribution of these plants through 4 eras in 5 different Eco- synoptic view on the Spatial and Temporal Diversity of zones. Macro-phytes in the Suez Canal system . Keywords : Biodiversity, Blue greens, Seagrasses , Seaweeds, Suez Canal.. I . INTRODUCTION Thirty years passed , of Marine Botany researches and investigations in the Suez Canal University on the Marine flora of the Red Sea , Eastern Mediterranean and the Suez Canal . The remarks of Farghaly 1985 [ 6 ] was the first M.S. FARGHALY * & G. A. El-SHOUBAKY ** *Founder Head ,Marine Science Dpt. ,Fac. Sciences Suez Canal Univ. Ismailia , EGYPT **Botany Dpt., Fac. Sciences, Suez Canal Univ .,Ismailia , EGYPT ([email protected]) http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/IICBE.C0115050 115 International Conference on Plant, Marine and Environmental Sciences (PMES-2015) Jan. 1-2, 2015 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) (fig.1) Slandered methods used , had been described in all our publications eg; [ 3 ], [ 4 ] , [ 5 ] , [ 6] and [ 7 ] . Biodiversity was based on the analyses of all major previous records of the benthic flora and environmental conditions along the Suez Canal .Diversity estimation considered as ;the total number of species present as well as some index which incorporates both the number of species and the relative abundance of each. III. RESULTS During the period of study 123 taxa of marine macro- phytes were collected from the 2 branches of the Northern Suez Canal System ; 20 Blue greens (BG) , 3 Sea-grasses( SG ) and 100 Seaweeds .Of the Seaweeds encountered ; 55 Red ( R ) , 30 Green ( G ) and 15 brown ( B ). ( fig.4 ) . ( fig. 4 ) List of the Macrophytes in the Northern branch of the Suez Canal . Green Seaweeds Acetabularia calyculus Quoy et Gaimard Bryopsis plumosa C. Agardh Caulerpa mexicana Sonder ex Kutzing ( fig.2 ) C. prolifera (Fork.) Lamour C. scalpelliformis (Brown) Agardh C. sertularioides (Gmelin) Howe Chaetomorpha area (Dillwyn) Kutzing C. linum (Mull.) Kutzing Cladophora albida (Huds.) Kutzing C. patentiramea Montagne C. prolifera (Roth) Kutz. Cladophoropsis herpestica (Mont.) Houte Codium tomentosum Kützing Derbesia lamourouxii (J. Agardh) Solier ( fig.3) Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Grevile E. compressa (Linn.) Kutzing II . METHODS Monthly investigations and seasonal collections by E. flexuosa (Wulf) Agardh standard methods including dredging had been made in 5 E. intestinalis (Linn.) J. Agardh sites with 20 stations respecting the different substrates in the E. linza (Linn.) J. Agardh Northern branch of the Suez Canal from Ras El Esh Northward to the canal entrance ( about 10km each side of E. prolifera Agardh the branch).Identification and preservation of taxa made in E. ralfsii Bilding the Marine Botany labs.and compared with reference Halimeda tuna (Ellis et Sol.) Lannur collection and monograph descriptions . Neomeris annulata Dickie http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/IICBE.C0115050 116 International Conference on Plant, Marine and Environmental Sciences (PMES-2015) Jan. 1-2, 2015 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) Phaeophila dendroides (Crouan) Batters G. confervoides (L.) Grev. Rhizoclonium kochianum Kutzing Grateloupia filicina (Wulf.) Ag. Ulva fasciata Delile Herposiphonia tenella (C. Ag.) Ambronn Heterosiphonia wurdemanni Falkenberg U. lactuca Lamour Hypnea cornuta (Kutz.) J. Ag. U. rigida C. Agardh H. esperi Bory Valonia utricularis (Roth) C. Agardh H. musciformis (Wulf.) Lamour. Brown Seweeds H. valentiae (Turner) Montagne Cystoseira myrica (Gmelin) C. Agardh Dictyopteris sp. Jania adhaerens Lamouroux Dictyota ciliolata Kützing J. pumila Lamouroux D. dichotoma (Hudson) Lamouroux J. rubens (Linnaeus) Lamour. Ectocarpus elachistaeformis Heydrich Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) Lamouroux E. siliculosus (Dillwyn) Lyngbye L. pinnatifida (Hudson) Lamour. Feldmannia irregularis (Kützing) Hamel Leveillea jungermannioides Harvey Giffordia mitchelliae (Harvey) Hamel Liagora farinosa Lamouroux Halopteris scoparia (Linnaeus) Sauvageau Lomentaria irregularis Zanardini Padina pavonica (Linn.) Thivy. Lophosiphonia obscura (C. Ag) Falkenb Pilayella litoralis (Linn.) Kjellman Nitophyllum punctatum (Stack) Gerville Punctaria tenuissima (C. Agardh) Greville Polysiphonia variegata (Agar.) Zanardini Scytosiphon dotyi M.J. Wynne Porphyra umbilicalis (Linnaeus) J. Agardh Spatoglossum variabile Figari & De Notaris Pterocladia nana Kamura Red Seweeds Rhodymenia erythrea Zanardini Achrochaetum unifilum Levring Sarconema filiformis (Sonder) Kylin Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan S. furcellatum Zanardini Asterocystis ornata (C. Ag.) Hamel Solieria dura (Zanardini) Schmidt Bangia fuscopurpurea (Dillwyn) Lyngbye Spyridia filamentosa (Wulfen) Harvey Centroceras clavulatum (C. Ag.) Montagne Blue Greens Ceramium codii (Richords) G. Mazoyer (The most common and recognized ) C. gracillimum (Harv.) Mazoyer Aphanocapsa elachista C. taylorii Dawson Brachtrichia balani Calothrix aeroginae C. tenuissimum (Mertens) Okamura C. contarina Champia irregularis (Zanardini) Piccone C. fusco-violacea C. parvula (J. Agardh) J. Agardh C. scoparia Chondria dasyphylla (Wood.) C. Agardh Chrococcus turjidus C.tenuissima (Good.Wood)C.Ag. Entophysalis granulosa Corallina tenella(Kutzing)Heydrich Gleocapsa atrata C. elongata Ellis et Solander G. crepidinum Dasya flocculosa Zanardini G. minuta Dermatolithon cystoseirae (Hauck) Huve Lyngbya aesturi Digenea simplex (Wulfen) C. Agardh L. confervoides Erythrotrichia carnea (Dillwyne) J. Ag. L. majuscule E. reflexa (Cr.) Thuret Merismopedia minima Fosliella farinosa (Lamouroux) Foslie Oscillatoria geminate Galaxaura elongata J. Agardh O. limosa O. nigroviridis Gelidiella acerosa (Forsk.) Feldm. Et Hamel Plectonema batersii Gelidium crinale (Tumer) Lamouroux Spirulina subsalsa G. pusillum (Stack.) Le Jolis Seagrasses G. pusillum (Stackhouse) LeJolis Cymodocea major ( Caval ) Grand Goniotrichum alsidii (Zanardini) Howe = C . nodosa Asch. Gracilaria arcuata Zanardini Halophila stipulacea (Forsskal) Ascherson G. canaliculata (Kutz.) Sonder Posidonia oceanic ( L,) Delile http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/IICBE.C0115050 117 International Conference on Plant, Marine and Environmental Sciences (PMES-2015) Jan. 1-2, 2015 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) IV DISCUSSION V. CONCLUSION Tow major factors control the distribution of Macrophytes We can recognize 4 periods (Eras) passed the Marine Macro- in the Suez Canal; Salinity and Temperature . Consulting phytes in the Suez Canal in