Working women in thirteenth-century Paris. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Archer, Janice Marie. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 08/10/2021 04:24:50 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187182 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript ,has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text direttly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reprodu'ction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. 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Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Informalion Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. MI4S106-1346 USA 313!761-47oo 800:521-0600 WORKING WOMEN IN THIRTEENTH-CENTURY PARIS by Janice Marie Archer Copyright © Janice Marie Archer 1995 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF mSTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF Plffi.,OSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 199 5 UMI Number: 9534687 Copyright 1995 by Archer, Janice Marie All rights reserved. OMI Microform 9534687 Copyright 1995, by OMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by----------------------------------------- Janice M. Archer entitled "Working Women in Thirteenth-Century Paris" and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement Doctor of Philosophy Dr. Alan Bernstein M~ z., 199~ Date "- Dr. Herman Rebel fhVk:.e 2-( 7)- Da Dr. Jane Hilliams ~ 2 \ "('1\"~ Date Date Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation reqUireme7)~ . ~ , L MA i. -v- IJ~ 2, 11~~ Dissertatlon Director ) Date 3 STA TEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced de!,1fee at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: CJa~h~~ 7: 1/ {/ 4 In memory of my father, Rex Winslow Archer, who taught me the uncommon dignity of the common man. 5 T ABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations .................................................................................................................................. 8 List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................... 9 Abstract .............................................................................................................................. ... .. ............ 10 CHAPTER 1. THE PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL SETTING ..................................... ..... ... ................. II A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A THIRTEENTH-CENTURY PARISIAN WOMAN .............................. 22 THE ORGANIZATION OF SPACE ............................................................................................... 23 THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE CiTy .................................................................................. 28 THE ORGANIZATION OF TIME ................................................................................................ A2 THE ORGANIZATION OF WORK .............................................................................................. A6 THE ORGANIZATION OF THE FAMILY .................................................................................... 60 CHAPTER 2. SOURCES FOR THIS STUDY ...................................................................................... 71 I. The Line des metiers .......................................................................................................... 71 7.. Rolls of the Taille imposed under Philip the Fair ................................................................ 71 3. Other sources ..................................................................................................................... 84 METHOD ...................................................................................................................................... 85 CHAPTER 3 WOMEN'S WORK IN THIRTEENTH-CENTURY PARIS .......................................... 88 IDENTIFYING WOMEN'S CRAFTS ............................................................................................. 90 DEALING WITH THE AMBIGUITY OF GROUP B ..................................................................... 9-1- EXTRAPOLATING TO GROUP C ................................................................................................ 98 MALE TAXPAYERS .................................................................................................................... 101 THE LIMITS OF THE DATA ........................................................................................................ 103 WOMEN'S WORK ........................................................................................................................ 108 WOMEN IN SELECTED GROUPS OF METIERS ....................................................................... 1 1:1 CLOTH PRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ I II SALES .......................................................................................................................................... 118 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS - continued PEDDLERS ................................................................................................................................... 119 NEEDLEWORK ........................................................................................................................... 120 SERVICE ...................................................................................................................................... 123 OTHER METIERS ........................................................................................................................ 124 CHAPTER 4: THE TRANSMISSION OF FAMILY BUSINESSES ..................................................... 127 DESCRIPTIONS OF WIDOWS IN THE TAX ROLLS .................................................................. 128 RELATED PERSONS TAXED AS COMPANIES ........................................................................ 130 MEN AND WOMEN IN COMPANIES ........................................................................................ 138 TYPES OF FAMILY COMPANIES .............................................................................................. 139 TYPE A. MOTHER AS CONSERVATOR ............................................................................. 139 TYPE B. MOTHER AS LASTING OWNER ......................................................................... 142 TYPE C. SEPARATE BUT COOPERATING ....................................................................... 146 NON-TYPICAL COMPANIES .............................................................................................. 146 COMPANIES THAT EXHIBIT NO CHANGE IN COMPOSITION ....................................... 148 METIERS PRACTICED BY COMPANIES .................................................................................. 148 RELATIVE TAX OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPANY ......................................................... 149 CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................................................... 150 CHAPTER 5. WOMEN'S WEALTH AS EVIDENCED BY TAXES ASSESSED ................................ 152 WOMEN'S ASSESSMENTS AS A